论民事诉讼裁判的时机

On the Occasion of Civil Litigation Adjudication

裁判的时机成熟是民事诉讼达到可以由受诉法院作出终局裁判的状态,是所有类型的终局裁判的必要条件。裁判的时机成熟时,法院必须尽早地作出终局裁判以结束该审级的诉讼。对裁判具有重要性的事实如果已被充分地解明,并且当事人已穷尽其主张、举证或进一步提出诉讼资料不被允许,则该诉讼已达到裁判的时机。诉的合法性裁判与本案裁判在裁判的时机具体识别上存在差异。法院在裁判的时机达到时作出终局裁判乃其应尽的义务;例外的场合,基于合目的性考量,法院可裁量是否作出终局裁判。在我国现行《民事诉讼法》中,“事实清楚”作为终局裁判作出的诉讼资料基准未能彰显裁判的时机成熟的全部要义,“审限”制度更是有违裁判的时机成熟的基本原理。

Maturity of adjudication refers to the state in which a lawsuit has reached a state of being able to make a final decision by the court of appeal.Mature adjudication is a necessary condition for all types of final judgments.When the adjudication is mature,the court must make a final judgment as soon as possible to complete the litigation at the trial level.If the facts of the adjudication’s importance have been fully explained,and the parties have exhausted their claims,presented evidence or made further arguments that are not allowed,the adjudication is mature.The specific identification of the judge’s maturity is different between the legality judgement of the lawsuit and the judgement of this case.It is the court’s duty to make a final judgment when the judge is mature.In exceptional cases,it is up to the court to decide whether to make a final judgment based on the consideration of fitness for purpose.The current Civil Procedure Law does not establish the concept of mature adjudication,the time limit for trial goes against the basic principle of adjudication maturity,and“clear facts”as the benchmark for making final judgments fails to demonstrate the full meaning of adjudication maturity.