作为义务的隐私:数字时代下的挑战与应对

Privacy as a Duty:The Challenges and Responses in the Digital Age

隐私,不仅有作为权利的隐私,还有作为义务的隐私,后者包括与身体禁忌相关的空间性隐私义务,以及与道德性内容审查相关的信息性隐私义务。作为义务的隐私既可通过对个人自由的限制来维护社会秩序,保护特定群体,亦可通过区分公私义务来守护个人自由,促进社会稳定与发展,代表了秩序与自由、公共与私人之关系的平衡。但数字时代信息数据的高速流通与社会文化的日益开放对其造成挑战,破坏前述平衡,使其产生过度管制与过度放任的双重风险,并在两极之间摇摆,处于不稳定状态。对此,应当一方面从实体与程序角度限制公共权力,保护个人隐私与自由,另一方面守住法律与规范底线,保护妇女儿童等弱势群体,并利用社会规范协同法律治理,区分不同场景采取不同措施,促进社会的多元健康发展。

In addition to privacy as a right,there is also privacy as a duty,which includes space privacy duties related to body taboos,and information privacy duties related to ethical content moderation.Privacy as a duty can not only maintain social order and protect specific groups by restricting individual freedom,but also protect individual freedom and promote social stability and development by distinguishing public and private duties,representing the balance between order and freedom,public and private relations.However,the rapid flow of information and data and the increasing openness of social culture in the digital age have posed challenges to it.They undermined the aforementioned balance,and caused it to fluctuate unstably between excessive regulation and excessive permission.In this regard,we should,on the one hand,restrict public power from the perspective of substance and procedure and protect personal privacy and freedom.On the other hand,we should hold the bottom line of law and norms and protect vulnerable groups such as women and children.Besides,we should use social norms to coordinate legal governance,distinguishing different scenarios and taking different measures,so as to promote the diversified and healthy development of society.