主被动耦合防/除冰技术及能耗控制研究进展

Research Progress of Active-passive Coupling Anti-icing/De-icing Technology and Energy Consumption Control

随着航空工业的不断发展,对于飞机表面防/除冰技术提出了更高效、更低能耗、更大面积的需求。从现有主动防/除冰技术和被动防/除冰技术出发,主要具体介绍了电热除冰、压电除冰、超疏水表面和低界面韧性涂层等技术。简要介绍了不同技术的除冰机理,总结了各项技术的研究现状,并对比分析了各类防/除冰技术的优势与不足。虽然各项技术均有良好的防/除冰效果,但仍然受到能耗高、效率低、除冰不彻底等问题的限制。而主被动耦合除冰技术能有效地综合各自的技术优势,同时补足各自的劣势,表现出更加优异的除冰效果,近年来相关研究受到广泛关注,其中重点介绍了超疏水表面耦合电热除冰技术。面对飞机大面积、高效、快速、低能的表面防除冰需求,考虑到压电除冰的低能耗和低界面韧性涂层在大面积积冰条件下的优势,提出低界面韧性涂层耦合压电材料除冰技术具有重要的研究意义。

With the development of the aviation industry,the demand for more efficiency,lower energy consumption and larger area of aircraft surface anti-icing/de-icing technology is put forward.Based on the existing active and passive anti-icing/de-icing technologies,electrothermal de-icing,piezoelectric de-icing,superhydrophobic surface,and low interface toughness coatings were introduced in detail.The mechanism of different technologies was briefly introduced,and the research status of each technology was summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of anti-icing/de-icing technologies were also compared and analyzed.Although all technologies have good anti-icing/de-icing effect,they were still limited by high energy consumption,low efficiency,and other problems.The active-passive coupling de-icing technology could effectively integrate their respective advantages,and at the same time maken up for their respective disadvantages,showing more excellent de-icing effect.In recent years,relevant research had been widely concerned,among which the superhydrophobic surface coupling electrothermal de-icing technology was mainly introduced.Considering the low energy consumption of piezoelectric de-icing and the advantages of low interfacial toughness coatings in the condition of large area ice accumulation,it is of great significance to propose the de-icing technology of low interfacial toughness coating coupled with piezoelectric material.