作用于糖尿病效应靶点的中药及活性成分研究进展

Progress of Chinese medicines and active ingredients acting on therapeutic targets for diabetes

目前,临床用于糖尿病治疗的西药具有不同程度的副作用,而中药具有安全性、有效性以及多靶点作用的特点,同时还具有心肾保护等作用。中药降糖活性成分主要包括黄酮类、皂苷类、多糖类以及生物碱类等,用于治疗糖尿病的效果显著,并对其相关并发症控制有效。因此,从疗效温和、毒副作用小的天然产物中,依据不同的效应靶点筛选治疗糖尿病的活性成分,成为国内外学者的研究热点。现已发现治疗糖尿病的效应靶点涉及酶、受体、转运体、离子通道等,如α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶、二肽基肽酶-4、葡萄糖激酶、钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶通路、ATP敏感性钾通路等,本文综述了作用于这些效应靶点的中药及活性成分,以期为中药治疗糖尿病及其并发症研究提供参考。

At present,the main treatment methods for diabetes are western medicines treatment,but it have some side effects,while traditional Chinese medicines(TCM)have advantages of safety,efficacy and multiple targets,and also protect the heart and kidney.It have a long history to use TCM for the therapy of diabetes in China,and through modern experiment study,TCM also showed theraputic activity in diabetes and complications.With the progress of modern research technology and methods,more and more hypoglycemic active ingredients from TCM were found including flavonoids,saponins,polysaccharides and alkaloid.It is known that TCM contain diverse constituents that can act on multiple aspects of the disease through different target,pathway,as well as TCM showed high efficiency and low toxicity.Therefore,the screening of active ingredients for the therapy of diabetes from natural products has become a hot research topic.In order to provide reference for the study of TCM theraphy of diabetes and complication,this paper systematically reviews studies of the therapeutical targets,receptors,ion channels and signaling pathways such asα-glucosidase,α-amylase,dipeptidyl peptidase-4,glucokinase,sodium-glucose cotransporter 2,protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B,peroxisome proliferator activated receptor,adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase pathway,ATP-sensitive potassium pathway.