腐殖酸钠对白羽肉鸡营养物质表观消化率、粪便微生物及其代谢产物的影响

Effects of Sodium Humate on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Fecal Microorganisms and Their Metabolites in White-feathered Broilers

旨在探究日粮添加腐殖酸钠对肉鸡营养物质表观消化率、粪便微生物数量及其代谢产物的影响。试验选取540只1日龄817白羽肉鸡,随机分为3组(每组6个重复,每个重复30只)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂含0.3%和0.5%腐殖酸钠的试验日粮。试验为期42 d,试验结束前3 d,每个重复选取体重相近的2只肉鸡放入代谢笼,进行代谢试验。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,日粮添加0.5%的腐殖酸钠可显著提高肉鸡对粗蛋白、磷和灰分的表观消化率(P<0.05)。2)与对照组和0.3%组相比,日粮中添加0.5%的腐殖酸钠可显著提高肉鸡粪便中总菌和乳酸杆菌的数量,并降低大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05)。与0.3%组相比,日粮中添加0.5%的腐殖酸钠可显著提高肉鸡粪便中普雷沃氏菌的数量(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.5%的腐殖酸钠可显著降低肉鸡粪便中氨态氮的含量,并提高乳酸的含量(P<0.05)。与对照组和0.3%组相比,日粮中添加0.5%的腐殖酸钠可显著降低肉鸡粪便中的对甲酚的含量(P<0.05)。4)与对照组和0.3%组相比,日粮添加0.5%腐殖酸钠可显著降低肉鸡粪便中酪胺、亚精胺、精胺和总生物胺的含量(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮添加0.3%和0.5%腐殖酸钠可显著降低肉鸡粪便中腐胺的含量(P<0.05);此外,日粮添加0.3%腐殖酸钠可显著降低肉鸡粪便中酪胺和精胺的含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮添加一定比例的腐殖酸钠可提高肉鸡对营养物质的表观消化率,促进粪便中有益菌的生长与繁殖,提高粪便中乳酸的含量,抑制有害菌的生长与繁殖;进而降低粪便中氨态氮、对甲酚和生物胺等臭味物质的含量,达到源头减排的目的,且在本试验条件下添加0.5%的效果优于0.3%。

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with sodium humate on nutrient apparent digestibility,fecal microbial population and their metabolites in broilers.A total of 540 one-day-old 817 white-feathered broilers were selected for the trial and randomly divided into 3 groups(6 replicates per group,30 birds per replicate).The control group was fed the basal diet and the test group was fed the test diets containing 0.3%and 0.5%sodium humate,respectively.The trial lasted for 42 days,and 3 days before the end of the trial,2 broilers with similar body weight were selected from each replicate and were put into metabolic cages for metabolic tests.The results showed that:1)Compared with the control group,dietary supplementation of 0.5%sodium humate significantly increased apparent digestibility of crude protein,phosphorus and ash(P<0.05)in broilers.2)Compared with the control and 0.3%groups,dietary supplementation with 0.5%sodium humate significantly increased total bacteria and Lactobacillus concentrations(P<0.05)and decreased Escherichia coli concentrations(P<0.05)in broiler manure.Compared with the 0.3%group,dietary supplementation with 0.5%sodium humate significantly increased Prevotella concentration(P<0.05)in broiler manure.3)Compared with the control group,dietary supplementation with 0.5%sodium humate significantly decreased ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations(P<0.05)and increased lactic acid concentrations(P<0.05)in broiler manure.Compared with the control and 0.3%groups,dietary supplementation with 0.5%sodium humate significantly decreased p-cresol concentrations(P<0.05)in broiler manure.4)Compared with the control and 0.3%groups,dietary supplementation with 0.5%sodium humate significantly decreased tyramine,spermidine,spermidine and total amines concentrations(P<0.05)in broiler manure.Compared with the control group,dietary supplementation with 0.3%and 0.5%sodium humate significantly decreased putrescine concentrations(P<0.05)in broiler manure;Additionally,dietary supplementation with 0.3%sodium humate significantly decreased tyramine and spermine concentrations(P<0.05)in broiler manure.Therefore,dietary supplementation with sodium humate can improve nutrient apparent digestibility in broilers,promote beneficial bacteria growth and reproduction,increase lactic acid concentrations,inhibite harmful bacteria growth and reproduction,and then decrease ammonia nitrogen,p-cresol and biogenic amines and other odorous substances in manure,thus achieve the goal of pollution source reduction,and under the current condition,supplementation with 0.5%was more effective than 0.3%.