由三星堆人物冠式看古蜀祭祀人群的特点——兼论三星堆文化的对外交流

Characteristics of Ancient Shu Sacrificial Crowd Distinguished by Hat Styles of Sanxingdui Figures:Also on the Cultural Communication of Sanxingdui Culture

三星堆几座大型埋藏坑出土了丰富的人物像设,新一轮发掘材料的不断公布也持续扩充着对三星堆人像的认识。作为人物身份的重要标志,冠式是最重要的特征之一,三星堆人像的冠式可分为11类,其与特定人群存在对应关系。可将三星堆的祭祀人群分为3类,即高等级大祭司、等级较低的神职人员及带有神话性的人兽合一的形象。结合新石器及商代其他文化的冠式材料,可以辨识出三星堆文化本身的独特创造,以及三星堆文化与长江中游及中原地区新石器和商时期文化存在关联的新线索,表明三星堆文化是中华文明圈的重要参与者。

In those large sacrificial pits in the Sanxingdui site,a large number of figures have been unearthed.Since 2019,new excavation programs continue to unlock new materials in those pits,offering a chance for scholars to get a more comprehensive knowledge of the mysterious culture in southwestern China in the Bronze Age.As a conspicuous sign of a figure's personal identity,the hat style is one of the most important features of a character,which is worthy of a detailed investigation.By summarizing the morphological characters,the hat styles of figures of Sanxingdui Culture can be divided into 11 categories.By combing the relations between the hat styles and other features of the figures,such as hair styles,costumes,ear ornaments,foot ornaments,hand gestures,postures and positions,it is concluded that the hat styles of the figures of the Sanxingdui Culture corresponded to specific groups of people,on which basis the ritual groups of the Sanxingdui Culture can be divided into three categories,namely the high priests,priests of lower class,and mythical creatures comprised of features from both human and animal.Combined with the materials of hat styles of figures belonging to Neolithic and Shang period from different regions,it is possible to identify the unique creation of the Sanxingdui Culture itself.Meanwhile,the former comparisons also provide new clues to the observation of the cultural communications between the Sanxingdui Culture and the cultures in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Central Plains during Neolithic and Shang period,indicating that the Sanxingdui Culture was an important participant inside the Chinese civilization circle in the Bronze Age.