不良生活事件与河南农村青少年情绪紊乱的相关性研究

Relationship between adverse life events and mental disorders among rural adolescents in Henan province

目的调查河南农村青少年不良生活事件的流行特征及心理健康状况,分析不良生活事件与情绪紊乱(焦虑症和抑郁症)的相关性。方法2019年5月采用横断面研究方法,整群抽取河南某县某高中12个班级和10所乡镇中学学生进行问卷调查。调查内容包括一般情况、儿童期生活事件、社会支持、儿童青少年抑郁和焦虑情况、以及儿童青少年躯体虐待情况。采用χ^(2)检验及非条件Logistic回归分析等方法进行分析。结果焦虑的检出率为23.22%,人际关系因子异常(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.16~3.48)、学习压力因子异常(OR=2.61,95%CI:1.81~3.75)和躯体虐待(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.15~2.37)是焦虑产生的危险因素(P<0.05)。抑郁的检出率为12.31%,人际关系因子异常(OR=1.90,95%CI:1.01~3.55)、学习压力因子异常(OR=1.97,95%CI:1.27~3.06)、健康适应因子异常(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.05~3.55)是抑郁症状的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示人际关系不良和学习压力大是两者的共同危险因素。结论儿童青少年不良生活事件普遍存在,对儿童情绪紊乱的产生具有严重影响。加强中学生的心理健康教育,从各层面开展相关应对措施具重要的社会和现实意义。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of adverse life events and the mental health status of rural children in Henan province,and to analyze the correlation between adverse childhood life events and mental disorders,specifically anxiety and depression.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among school students in a selected county in Henan province.Two middle schools and twelve senior high school classes were randomly selected from a total of ten rural middle schools and 54 classes.The questionnaire consisted of demographic information,adolescent life events,social support,depression and anxiety measures.χ^(2)test,spearman correlation analysis,and a multivariate Logistic regression model were used for analysis.Results The detection rate of anxiety disorder among adolescents was found to be 23.22%.Abnormal interpersonal factors(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.16-3.48)and academic pressure factors(OR=2.61,95%CI:1.81-3.75)were identified as risk factors for anxiety(P<0.05).The detection rate of depressive symptoms among adolescents was 12.31%,with abnomal interpersonal factors(OR=1.90,95%CI:1.01-3.55),academic pressure factors(OR=1.97,95%CI:1.27-3.06),and health adaptation factors(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.05-3.55)identified as risk factors for depression(P<0.05).Poor interpersonal relationship and academic pressure were found to be common risk factors for both anxiety and depression.Conclusions Adverse life events are common among rural children in Henan province and are correlated with mental disorders.Strengthening mental health education of secondary school students and implementing relevant countermeasures at all levels are of great social and practical significance.