三维球体间充质干细胞培养技术的研究进展及其应用

Research progress and application of three-dimensional spherical mesenchymal stem cell culture technology

三维(3D)培养是近年发展起来的一种新细胞培养技术,它能够模拟细胞在体内生长所需的微环境,让细胞与周围的细胞和微环境进行相互作用,发挥其独特的生物学功能。在培养3D间充质干细胞(MSCs)的过程中,选择合适的材料非常关键。目前,已有许多材料被应用于细胞增殖与分化的研究,包括天然材料、合成材料和生物材料。生物材料能够促进MSCs的黏附和增殖,而天然材料则能更好地模拟真实的MSCs生长环境。此外,3D-MSCs的体外培养包含有支架和无支架2种方式。支架培养适用于大规模的细胞培养,能够促进细胞的增殖和分化。在低氧环境下,3D-MSCs的线粒体呼吸和糖酵解活性增强,干性相关基因的表达也明显增加。因此,低氧环境对细胞有非常重要的影响,不仅改变细胞的代谢特性,还影响细胞的生理功能。本文对3D-MSCs培养的不同材料的应用及其优缺点、培养方式以及培养条件对细胞增殖和分化的影响进行综述。同时,本文探讨3D-MSCs在炎症性肠病、脊髓损伤、糖尿病和心肌梗死等方面的应用,旨在为未来的研究和临床应用提供方向。

Three-dimensional(3D)culture is a contemporary cell culture technology that may imitate the microenvironment essential for cell growth in vivo,allowing cells to interact with neighboring cells and the microenvironment to exert their distinct biological roles.The selection of appropriate materials is critical in the culture of 3D-mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).Many materials,including natural,synthetic,and biological materials,are currently being used in cell proliferation and differentiationr research.Biological materials can boost the adhesion and proliferation of MSCs,whereas natural materials can better replicate the development environments of MSCs.Furthermore,the in vitro cultivation of 3D-MSCs includes scaffolds and no scaffolds.Scaffold culture is appropriate for large-scale cell culture and has the potential to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation.Under hypoxic conditions,mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic activities were elevated in 3D-MSCs,as was the expression of stemness-related genes.As a result,the hypoxic environment significantly impacts on cells,altering not just their metabolic features but also their physiological functions.This page discusses several materials for culturing 3D-MSCs,their benefits and drawbacks,culture methods,and the effects of culture conditions on cell proliferation and differentiation.At the same time,this paper discusses the use of 3D-MSCs in inflammatory bowel disease,spinal cord injury,diabetes,and myocardial infarction to provide directions for future research and clinical application and anticipating significant progress in the medical field.