新型农业经营主体能带动小农户实现绿色生产转型吗?——基于2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查数据的研究

Can New Agricultural Business Entities Drive Green Production Transformation of Smallholders?—Based on 2020 CRRS Data

本文将辐射理论纳入新型农业经营主体带动小农户实现绿色生产转型的作用机制,基于2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查(CRRS)数据,以家庭农场与合作社为例,构建倾向得分匹配模型探究其辐射带动效应。结果显示:样本区域内新型农业经营主体绿色生产总体实施比例高于小农户;反事实估计结果表明,登记为家庭农场或加入合作社后小农户绿色生产行为的实施概率提高了近5%,证实了新型农业经营主体对直接加入小农户的绿色生产有直接辐射带动作用;另外,合作社使本村小农户绿色生产行为实施概率提高约3%,表明新型农业经营主体对邻近小农户的绿色生产行为有间接辐射带动作用。本文研究结论为农村地区积极培育新型农业经营主体和带动小农户绿色生产转型相关政策的制定提供了依据。

The transformation and development of green agricultural production are important parts of the strategy of ecological civilization and rural revitalization,essential for building a strong agricultural country.The new agricultural business entities,represented by smallholders,become a major force in agricultural green production.Based on the survey data of the 2020 China Rural Revitalization Survey(CRRS),this paper takes family farms and cooperatives as examples and constructs a propensity score matching(PSM)model to explore the driving effect of new agricultural business entities on the green production of smallholders.It compares and analyses the differences in the implementation of green production between new agricultural business entities and smallholders.Then,the PSM model is constructed to test the driving effect.Finally,it further investigates the indirect driving effect of new agricultural business entities on the green production behaviors of nearby smallholders.The findings are as follows.First,the overall proportion of green production of new agricultural business entities in the sample areas is higher than that of smallholders.Specifically,most members of family farms and cooperatives adopt green production behaviors,accounting for a higher percentage of smallholders.Second,the counterfactual estimation results reveal a nearly 5%increase in the likelihood of green production behaviors of smallholders registered as family farms or joining cooperatives,which confirms the direct driving effect.Third,cooperatives increase the likelihood of smallholders’green production behaviors by about 3%,indicating that new agricultural business entities have an indirect driving effect on the green production behaviors of nearby smallholders.The marginal contributions of this paper are threefold.First,it explores the direct and indirect driving effects and builds the PSM model to validate the effects,enriching the existing research and providing a theoretical basis for policy formulation of green production transformation of smallholders.Second,the CRRS data is used for the first time to conduct an empirical study on the green production transformation of smallholders driven by new agricultural business entities.The CRRS covers a wide range and is more representative than previous surveys based on small-scale micro-research data,and its research conclusions are of reference value.Finally,the findings provide a basis for formulating policies to actively foster new agricultural business entities and drive the green production transformation of smallholders in rural areas.