贵州碧江国家湿地公园维管植物区系特征分析

Characteristics of vascular plants flora in Bijiang National Wetland Park

2019年10月至2021年10月采取线路法、样地样方法进行野外植物调查,对贵州碧江国家湿地公园的植物多样性和区系特征进行系统研究,结果显示:贵州碧江国家湿地公园及周边相邻区域野生植物为640种(含变种),隶属于152科435属,由蕨类42种、裸子植物类11种、双子叶植物499种、单子叶植物88种组成,其双子叶植物在该区域占绝对优势,占总种数的78%,植物生活型上,草本植物为主,乔木和灌木为辅,在科的层次上,小型科和中型科是该区域的主体,占总科数的71.4%,植物区系在科级水平以世界分布、泛热带分布的科为主,分别为31.8%、25.9%,属级水平上分布类型有12个分布型和17个变型,科属的地理成分复杂,热带属性占主导地位,同时兼有温带属性,说明具有热带向温带过渡的气候特点。与邻近湿地种子植物属的地理成分比较发现,在亲缘关系上,与湖南溆浦思蒙种子植物区系关系最接近,热带属性明显,与四川白玉拉龙措湿地关系最远。

From October 2019 to October 2021,the plant diversity and floristic characteristics of Bijiang National Wetland Park in Guizhou were systematically studied by using line method and sample plot method.The results showed that there were 640 species(including varieties)of wild plants in Bijiang National Wetland Park and its surrounding areas,belonging to 435 genera and 152 families,which were composed of 42 species of ferns,11 species of gymnosperms,499 species of dicotyledons and 88 species of monocotyledons.Dicotyledons were overwhelmingly dominant in this area,accounting for 78%of the total species.Herbaceous plants were dominant,trees and shrubs were complementary.At the family level,small and medium-sized families were the dominant,accounting for 71.4%of the total family number.Flora at the family level was mainly world distribution and pantropical distribution,with the proportion of 31.8%and 25.9%,respectively.At the genus level,there were 12 distribution types and 17 variants.The geographical composition of families and genera was complex,the tropical attribute was dominant,and the temperate attribute was combined,indicating that the climate was characterized by the transition from tropical to temperate.Compared with the geographical composition of seed plant genera in nearby wetlands,in kinship,it was relatively close to Xupu Simeng Wetland in Hunan,showing obvious tropical attribute,and had the farthest relationship with Baiyu Lalongcuo Wetland in Suchuan.