基于声线法的车载音响系统仿真及关键影响因素分析

Automobile Audio System Simulation Based on Ray-Tracing Method and Key Factor Analysis

车载音响系统是主动发声、主动降噪功能的核心部件。为了对车载音响系统的声学特性进行分析,需要使用仿真手段研究其频率响应和车内声场的传播特性。由于车载音响系统的频率响应特性具有宽频带特性,传统的声场仿真分析方法如有限元法无法覆盖车载音响系统全频段。为了解决该问题,引入建筑声学中常用的声线法,探讨了基于声线法的车载音响系统仿真及车内声场分析的可行性和适用范围。基于声线法建立整车音响系统模型并与实测频率响应对比,对误差原因进行分析。研究结果表明,整车的高频泄露、玻璃的透声和声源指向性是影响车载音响系统仿真结果的主要影响因素。

The audio system is the core component of the vehicle’s active sound design and active noise reduction.In order to analyze the acoustic characteristics of audio system,it is necessary to use simulation to study its frequency response and the propagation characteristics of the sound field in the vehicle.Due to the wide frequency coverage of the frequency response,full band coverage cannot be achieved using a single simulation method.Traditional sound field simulation can only cover the frequency band below 1000 Hz by using finite element methods.To solve this problem,Ray-tracing method commonly used in architectural acoustics was introduced into this study.The scope of application of ray-tracing method applicable to the sound field in the vehicle was discussed.Finally,the audio system was modeled and analyzed based on the ray-tracing method,the influencing factors of the results were analyzed.It is pointed out that factors such as high frequency leakage,sound transmission of glass and sound source directivity affect the simulation results.