矿山公园植被恢复动态监测及影响因素——以渝北铜锣山为例

Dynamic monitoring and influencing factors of vegetation restoration on a mine park:A case study of Tongluo mountain

重庆市渝北铜锣山—铜锣峡片区矿山生态修复工程实施对该区域植被恢复和水土流失改善具有重要的作用。在该区域开展植被恢复动态监测及影响因素分析,对矿山生态修复效益评价意义重大。应用铜锣山矿山公园2016—2020年的GF-2卫星遥感影像、研究区生态修复资料,采用象元二分模型提取该区域植被覆盖度,利用一元线性回归法分析植被覆盖度恢复趋势及空间分布特征,探究生态修复工程对不同区域植被恢复状况的影响。结果表明:1)2016—2020年铜锣山矿山公园植被覆盖度呈增加走势,空间上由研究区西北、东南向中间呈递减的趋势;2)铜锣山矿山公园植被状况明显改善,改善的面积为19.708 km^(2),比例为78.78%,退化的面积为3.047 km^(2),比例为12.18%,表明研究区生态状况得到良好恢复;3)2016—2020年期间,研究区裸地面积变化最大,减少0.424 km^(2)。其次是林地面积,增加0.321 km^(2)。住宅用地增加0.102 km^(2);4)在矿山开采修复区植被恢复较快,植被覆盖度增长率为0.025,高植被覆盖度面积占区域总面积比例由2016年7.14%增加至2020年的26.78%。植被恢复工程对铜锣山矿山公园植被覆盖度产生正向影响,矿山开采修复区尤为突出,矿山生态修复对植被恢复和防治水土流失有明显的促进作用。

[Background]The implementation of mine ecological restoration project such as the Tongluo mountain has an important and positive effect on vegetation restoration and improvement of water and soil loss.It is of great significance to study the vegetation restoration dynamic change on the mine after restoring for the evaluation of mine ecological restoration benefits.It can objectively reflect the current situation of the mine ecological environment,explore the impact of the ecological restoration project on the vegetation restoration in different regions,and guide the next step of the ecological restoration project.[Methods]GF 2 remote sensing images and ecological restoration data were captured in Tongluo mountain mine park in 2010—2020,the image binary model was used to extract vegetation coverage data of Tongluo mountain mine park.To analyze vegetation coverage recovery trend and spatial distribution characteristics,these data were processed by unitary linearly regression analysis.The land transfer matrix was used to land cover transfer analysis,the relationship between vegetation coverage and space distribution characteristics and its influence of mine ecological restoration were studied.[Results]1)From 2016 to 2020,the annual average vegetation coverage in the study area ranged from 62%to 71%,and the annual average vegetation coverage of the mining area ranged from^(3)9%to 48%.2)In 2016,the vegetation coverage in the mine restoration area was dominated by ultra-low and low vegetation coverage,which accounted for 82.65%of the area.The vegetation coverage in 2020 was dominated by medium and high vegetation coverage,with high vegetation coverage accounting for 65.21%of the regional area,and moderate and high vegetation coverage accounting for 85.36%of the regional area.3)The area of vegetation improvement area in the study area was 78.78%of the total area,and the area of degraded area accounted for 12.18%of the total area.There was an obvious improvement trend,and the ecological situation was well restored.4)In the five years,the bare land area changed the most with a decrease of 0.424 km^(2),followed by the forest land area with an increase of 0.321 km^(2),then residential land area with an increase of 0.102 km^(2).5)The proportion of high vegetation coverage area increased from 7.14%in 2016 to 26.78%in 2020 in the mine restoration area,the growth rate of vegetation coverage was 0.025.[Conclusions]In the context of mine ecological restoration project,Tongluo mountain mine park has experienced significant vegetation recovery in the past years.From 2016 to 2020,the vegetation coverage of Tongluo mountain mine park was generally on the rise,and the vegetation coverage from both sides to the middle gradually decreased.Vegetation restoration project have both constructive and destructive effects on vegetation cover change in the Tongluo mountain mine park,but the positive effect is greater than the negative one.