江西省上饶市大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))污染特征及防治策略

Pollution Characteristics and Prevention Strategies of the Fine Particulate Matter(PM_(2.5))in Shangrao,Jiangxi Province

为了有效解决上饶市大气环境存在的突出问题,对江西省上饶市2016—2020年大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的污染状况开展研究,收集地区产业分布等多因素,通过城市的在线监测系统收集染物的质量浓度信息和实验室内离子色谱仪等设备进行内含物测定,排查PM_(2.5)的发生源、分析PM_(2.5)的成分,归纳PM_(2.5)的四季质量浓度变化等特性。结果发现,扬尘源和工艺过程源是本市PM_(2.5)的主要发生源,分别占比为61.58%和20.74%,可发现二者占总排放量的82.32%。PM_(2.5)的化学组分中质量浓度最高的组分是OC,其次是SO_4^(2-),两者约占化学组分总量的50%。PM_(2.5)的总水溶性离子质量浓度为11.5μg/m^(3),SNA (SO_(4)^(2-)、NO_(3)^(-)和NH_(4)^(+))在总水溶性离子中占88.90%,均呈冬高、夏低的变化特征。在PM_(2.5)的排放特征和组分的分析的基础上,从产业和能源结构的转型、企业排放的综合治理等多角度制定本地区的大气污染防治策略。

Aim to effectively solve the outstanding problems in the city's atmospheric environment,the pollution status of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in the atmosphere in Shangrao,Jiangxi from 2016 to 2020 was studied.The multiple factors such as regional industrial distribution were collected,and the concentration information of dyes and ions in the laboratory were collected through the city's online monitoring system,while the content determination was carried out by ion chromatograph in the laboratory.The source of PM_(2.5) was investigated,the composition of PM_(2.5) was analyzed,and the characteristics of PM_(2.5) concentration changes in four seasons were summarized.It was found that dust sources and process sources were the main sources of PM_(2.5) in the city,accounting for 61.58%and 20.74%respectively.It could be found that they account for 82.32%of the total emissions.Through the analysis of the chemical composition of PM_(2.5),it could be seen that the component with the highest concentration was OC,followed by SO_(4)^(2-),which accounts for about 50%of the total chemical components.The chemical composition(chemical reconstitution)analysis of PM_(2.5) showed that the total water-soluble ion concentration was 11.5μg/m3,and SNA(SO^(4)^(2-),NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+))accounted for 88.90%of the total water-soluble ions,all of which showed the characteristics of high in winter and low in summer.Based on the analysis of PM_(2.5) emission characteristics and components,we formulated air pollution prevention and control strategies in the region from multiple perspectives,such as the transformation of industrial and energy structure,and the comprehensive management of corporate emissions.