海洋氢能开发法律规制研究

Research on Legal Regulations Concerning Marine Hydrogen Energy Development

海洋氢能作为一种清洁、低碳、高效且可再生的能源,逐渐成为目前我国实现“双碳”目标的重要能源载体,其开发对我国具有重大战略意义。但由于海洋氢能起步晚,目前存在技术成熟度不高、政策支撑较少、法律配套不完善等诸多困难。同时存在海域管辖权竞合、海洋环境污染、海洋生物多样性破坏以及国际合作开发难等问题。关于海洋氢能开发法律规制问题,在国际法层面,以《联合国宪章》《联合国海洋法公约》等基本法构建海洋氢能国际合作开发以及海洋环境保护的基本法律框架,以《生物多样性公约》和《BBNJ协定》为基础进一步对海洋环境污染和保护海洋生物多样性提出法律规范;在国内法层面,通过现有能源领域法律法规可知,《可再生能源法》填补海洋氢能开发法律空白;在海洋环境领域,我国法律法规对海洋氢能开发提出了环境影响评价的要求,以保障海洋生态环境不受侵害。综上所述,海洋氢能开发利用应当完善国内相关立法,制定有针对性的海洋氢能领域环境影响评价制度,以促成国际开发与合作。这些完善建议旨在为海洋氢能开发提供清晰的法律指导,促进其可持续发展和利用,同时保护海洋环境和社会稳定。

Ocean hydrogen energy,as a clean,low-carbon,efficient,and renewable energy,is gradually becoming an important energy carrier for China to achieve its“dual-carbon”goals,and its development has significant strategic significance for the country.However,due to the late start of ocean hydrogen energy,there are currently many difficulties such as low technological maturity,insufficient policy support,and incomplete legal support.There exist challenges in the realm of marine jurisdictional disputes,marine environmental pollution,marine biodiversity destruction,and difficulties in international cooperation for development.Regarding the legal regulation of marine hydrogen energy development,at the international law level,a basic legal framework for international cooperation in marine hydrogen energy development and marine environmental protection can be constructed based on fundamental laws such as the UN Charter and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea,and further legal norms on marine environmental pollution and the protection of marine biodiversity can be proposed based on the Convention on Biological Diversity and the“BBNJ Agreement”.At the domestic law level,it is apparent from existing energy-related legal regulations that the Renewable Energy Law fills the legal vacuum for marine hydrogen energy development.In the field of marine environmental protection,Chinese laws and regulations require environmental impact assessments for marine hydrogen energy development to ensure that the marine ecological environment is not harmed.In summary,the utilization of marine hydrogen energy should perfect relevant domestic legislation,establish a targeted environmental impact assessment system for marine hydrogen energy development,and promote international development and cooperation.These proposed improvements aim to provide clear legal guidance for marine hydrogen energy development,promote its sustainable development and utilization,while also protecting the marine environment and social stability.