长岛海域沉积物污染物时空分布特征及生态风险评价

Temporal-spatial Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Pollutants in Surface Sediment in Changdao County

文章依据2018年8月长岛海域表层海洋沉积物调查数据,分析了表层沉积物主要污染物的时空分布特征及主要来源,通过单因子和潜在生态风险指数法评价了沉积物中各种元素的污染程度和潜在的生态风险。结果显示,长岛表层沉积物各污染物的单因子指数P均值由高到低依次排列为:As、Cr、Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb、有机碳、石油类、硫化物、Hg,重金属指标污染情况较理化指标严重;全部站位综合潜在生态风险指数RI<105,属低生态风险;Cd对综合潜在生态风险指数的贡献率为47.0%,为主要潜在生态风险因子。长岛海域表层沉积物中重金属污染元素的主要来源包括:①大气沉降、海上交通排污带来的重金属污染;②周边区域的养殖面源、生活污水污染等带来的重金属污染;③煤矿和金矿等矿产资源开发等重金属污染。

Based on data of surface sediment observed in Changdao County,August,2018,the temporal and spatial characteristic and ecological risk assessment of pollutants in surface sediment were analyzed.The results showed that the contents the average concentrations of sulfide,oil,Cr,Zn,Pb,Cu,As,Cd,Hg and organic carbon were(40.0,86.8,38.4,36.3,11.2,15.9,13.5,0.146,0.0211)mg/kg and 0.359%,respectively.The single factor pollution index p was shown as As,Cr,Cu,Cd,Zn,Pb,organic carbon,oil,sulfide,Hg,and the pollution of heavy metals was more seriously than that of physical and chemical indexes.All stations potential ecological risk were low.Cadmium was determined as the principal ecological risk factor.The contribution rate of Cd to the Hakanson index was 47.0%.Heavy metals and metalloid pollutants of the studied areas mainly came from atmospheric deposition,maritime traffic pollution,non-point breeding sources,domestic sewage pollution,and exploitation of coal and gold resources,etc.