人类活动对舟山群岛的影响及可持续发展对策

Influence of Human Activities on Zhoushan Islands and Sustainable Development Countermeasures

为了深入研究人类活动对舟山群岛的影响,促进人与海岛的和谐发展,文章分析舟山海岛生态环境面临的压力、人类活动类型及对海岛生态影响方式、人类活动与海岛生态系统的相互效应,并提出舟山海岛可持续发展对策。研究结果表明:舟山海岛生态环境面临着污水固废污染、人口密度和用地结构变化的压力,人类目前对舟山海岛的开发活动主要以旅游开发、港口建设、工业开发、海岸工程、渔业开发及其相关产业为主,这些开发方式对海岛地形地貌、海岛岸线、海岛生物物种和淡水等的影响也不同。通过研究分析,人类与海岛生态系统是密不可分的整体,彼此相互依赖,相互制约。未来舟山预构建“海岛生态系统健康稳定、人类经济社会稳步发展”的可持续发展局面需完善管理体制机制、强化国土空间规划引领、开发利用清洁能源、加强污水固废治理、加大科研投入力度、加强环保教育宣传。

In order to further study the impact of human activities on Zhoushan Islands and promote the harmonious development of people and islands,this paper analyzes the pressure on the ecological environment of Zhoushan islands,the types of human activities and their impact on the island ecology,the interaction between human activities and the island ecosystem,and puts forward the countermeasures for the sustainable development of Zhoushan islands.The results show that the ecological environment of Zhoushan islands is facing the pressure of sewage solid waste pollution,population density and land use structure change.At present,the development activities of Zhoushan islands are mainly tourism development,port construction,industrial development,coastal engineering,fishery development and related industries.These development methods have different effects on island topography,island coastline,island biological species and freshwater.Through research and analysis,human and island ecosystems are inseparable as a whole,interdependent and mutually restrictive.In the future,Zhoushan will build a sustainable development situation of“healthy and stable island ecosystem and steady development of human economy and society.”It is necessary to improve the management system and mechanism,strengthen the guidance of land and space planning,develop and utilize clean energy,strengthen sewage solid waste treatment,increase investment in scientific research,and strengthen the education and publicity of environmental protection.