晋中地区乡村聚落景观的空间形态及类型研究

Identification of spatial pattern characteristics and classification of types of rural settlement landscapes in Jinzhong region

乡村聚落景观空间形态特征识别与类型划分是因地制宜进行规划设计管控的基础与前提,对城乡一体化发展和乡村振兴战略实施具有重要意义。现有研究多以少数传统村落为对象开展地区形态特征的认知,对一般性乡村聚落景观关注有限,不利于对乡村聚落空间重构进行整体性调控指导。以晋中地区为研究区,以乡镇为研究单元,基于乡村聚落景观形态特征的空间分析,采用聚类分析方法得到研究区乡村聚落景观空间形态类型,进一步结合自然地理、社会人文等因素系统解析各子类型特征及其优化方向,在宏观层面上对晋中地区乡村聚落景观空间形态进行剖析和归纳。结果表明:晋中地区乡村聚落景观密度存在多点中心、带状集聚的特征,规模自中部向东西两侧逐渐减小,东侧形状复杂程度高于西侧。晋中地区乡村聚落景观可划分为低密度小规模简单型和高密度大规模复杂型两种差异显著的空间形态类型。研究可为晋中地区乡村聚落景观分类分区布局优化调控和发展提供参考。

The identification of spatial pattern characteristics and classification of different types of rural settlement landscapes are essential for planning,design,and management according to local conditions.These are of great significance to the implementation of rural-urban integration and rural revitalization strategy.Current studies,however,mostly take traditional villages as the object to carry out the cognition of regional pattern characteristics,with limited attention given to the general rural settlement landscape,which is not conducive to the overall regulation and guidance of spatial reconstruction for rural settlements.Taking the Jinzhong region as the study area and the township as the study unit,the spatial pattern types of the rural settlement landscapes in the study area are obtained by using the spatial analysis and cluster analysis of pattern characteristics.Furthermore,the characteristics of each sub-type and its optimization direction are systematically analyzed by combining natural geography,social and humanistic factors.The study analyzes and summarizes the spatial patterns of rural settlement landscapes in the study area at the macro level.The results show that:the density of the rural settlement landscape in Jinzhong region has the characteristics of multi-point center and band clustering,the scale gradually decreases from the middle to the east and west,and the complexity of the shape on the east side is higher than on the west side.The rural settlement landscape in Jinzhong region can be divided into two distinct spatial pattern types with significant differences:low-density small-scale simple type and high-density large-scale complex type.The study can provide a reference for the optimal regulation and future development of the classification and zoning of rural settlement landscapes in Jinzhong region.