我国县级地区生活垃圾焚烧设施环境社会风险分析及应对策略研究——基于31省份设施负荷率与网络舆情的分析

Study on Environmental and Social Risks and Countermeasures of Domestic Waste Incineration Treatment Facilities at County Level in China——Analysis Based on Load Rates of Facility and Network Public Opinion in 31 Provinces

在政策支持和实际需求的驱动下,可能会导致县级地区垃圾焚烧项目迅速增多,且带来潜在的环境监管压力和环境社会风险,需要给予持续的特别关注,并对地方做好环境监管和风险管控的指导。本文基于全国精细化的生活垃圾焚烧处理设施、生活垃圾产生量、网络舆情等数据,通过构建泰森多边形等空间分析方法进行了焚烧处理设施的服务范围识别及负荷率计算,通过自然语言处理技术进行了关于生活垃圾焚烧处理设施的情感分析。在此基础上,基于焚烧处理设施的负荷率和负面舆情比例,对全国31个省份环境社会风险进行定量的评估分析并提出对策建议,一是平衡解决“缺口大”和“吃不饱”问题,合理规划布局县级地区生活垃圾焚烧处理设施;二是聚焦负面舆情高发领域、区域,积极防范县级地区生活垃圾焚烧处理设施环境社会风险。

Driven by policy support and actual demand,it may lead to a rapid increase in waste incineration projects,bringing potential environmental regulatory pressure and environmental and social risks.Continuous special attention needs to be given to this issue,and guidance should be provided to local authorities for environmental regulation and risk control.In this paper,based on the nationally refined data on domestic waste incineration facilities,domestic waste generation,and network public opinion,the service scope identification and load rate calculation of domestic waste incineration facilities were carried out by constructing Tyson polygon and other spatial analysis methods,and the sentiment analysis of domestic waste incineration facilities was carried out by natural language processing technology.On this basis,based on the load rate of domestic waste incineration facilities and the proportion of negative public opinion,the environmental and social risks of 31 provinces in China were quantitatively assessed,and countermeasures were put forward.First,it is necessary to balance the problems of“large gap”and“short commons”,and rationally plan and arrange the layout of domestic waste incineration facilities in county-level areas.Second,attention should be focus on the fields and regions with high incidence of negative public opinions to actively prevent environmental and social risks of domestic waste incineration facilities in county-level areas.