“双碳”目标下中国气候变化诉讼的法治因应

Legal Response to Climate Change Litigation in China under the"Dual Carbon"Goals

气候变化诉讼在全球范围内的兴起,不仅为国际气候治理带来新曙光,也为我国应对气候变化提供了新思路。具体而言,这一制度关涉到中国“双碳”目标的实现、应对气候变化新路径的探索、全球气候治理话语权的提升及企业抗气候风险能力的增强,在我国已具备现实的发展需求。但从实然层面而言,气候变化诉讼虽已可以在环境公益诉讼中窥见雏形,但囿于实体法与程序法的缺位,加之法院在气候治理中能动性体现不足,司法与行政关系亟待厘清,提起气候变化诉讼仍存有诸多障碍。未来我国应不断完善气候变化诉讼的落实路径,充分发挥法院在司法解释、案例指导等方面对气候变化诉讼的助推作用,并在明晰气候司法与行政关系的基础上,逐步加强公众参与。

The rise of climate change litigation on the global scale not only brings a new dawn for international climate governance,but also provides new ideas for China to deal with climate change.Specifically,this system is related to the realization of China’s“dual carbon”goals,the exploration of new paths to deal with climate change,the promotion of global climate governance discourse power and the enhancement of enterprises’ability to resist climate risks,which has realistic development needs in China.However,from the practical level,although climate change litigation can be seen in environmental public interest litigation,there are still many obstacles in bringing climate change litigation due to the absence of substantive law and procedural law,and the lack of court initiative in climate governance,judicial and administrative relations need to be clarified.In the future,China should constantly improve the implementation path of climate change litigation,give full play to the court’s role in boosting climate change litigation in judicial interpretation and case guidance,and gradually strengthen public participation on the basis of clarifying the relationship between climate justice and administration.