甘蓝型油菜萌发期耐盐碱性高效鉴定及抗性资源筛选

Efficient identification and screening of salt and alkaline tolerance in rapeseeds(Brassica napus L.)during germination stage

种子萌发期对盐碱胁迫最敏感,因而建立准确、简便、高效的种子萌发期耐盐碱鉴定评价体系对于筛选出优质耐盐碱油菜种质具有重要价值。本研究以166个甘蓝型油菜品种、骨干亲本和杂交组合等为试验材料,用穴盘、医用纱布、方形容器等组建了一套油菜水培萌发装置。依靠此系统,选取1.0%NaCl和0.10%Na2CO3模拟盐碱混合胁迫,对甘蓝型油菜种质萌发期抗性进行了鉴定与评价。研究结果显示,高盐碱胁迫抑制油菜种子萌发,且不同基因型种子材料萌发期耐盐碱性存在广泛的遗传变异性。进一步对油菜种子萌发后状态进行分级,可将所测定的166份油菜资源分为4个耐盐碱等级,其中,筛选获得11份抗性等级为3级的耐盐碱油菜资源,主要包括华油杂62、华油杂158、67棚20育11、67棚20育16等品种、骨干亲本和杂交组合。本研究为油菜耐盐碱遗传研究与育种改良提供了鉴定技术和种质资源。

Seed germination period is the most sensitive period to salt alkali stress.An accurate,simple,and efficient evaluation system for salt alkali tolerance during seed germination is of great value for screening salt alkali tolerant rapeseed germplasm.This study used 166 Brassica napus varieties,backbone parents,and hybrid combina-tions as experimental materials.A set of rapeseed hydroponic germination equipment was constructed by hole tray,medical gauze,square containers,etc.Based on this system,a mixture of 1.0%NaCl and 0.10%Na2CO3 was select-ed to simulate salt alkali mixed stress.The salt alkali tolerance at germination stage of all tested materials was iden-tified and evaluated.Results showed that high salt alkali stress can inhibit the germination of rapeseed seeds,and there is extensive genetic variation in salt alkali tolerance during germination among different materials.According to their germination status,166 tested rapeseed resources can be classified into 4 levels of salt alkali tolerance.Among them,11 salt alkali tolerant rapeseed resources were selected with 3rd resistance level,mainly including va-rieties such as Huayouza 62,Huayouza 158,67shangd20yu 11,67shangd20yu 16,backbone parents,and hybrid combinations.This provides identification techniques and elite resources for genetic research and breeding improvement of salt alkali tolerance in rapeseed.