大环主体对有机小分子发光性能的影响机制

The influence mechanism of macrocyclic host on the luminescentproperties of organic small molecule

随着超分子化学研究的不断深入,基于大环主体的超分子发光材料获得了长足的发展,并取得了一系列突出的成果.大环主体分子如环糊精、杯芳烃、葫芦脲、柱芳烃等不仅可以提供限定的空腔,隔绝外界环境中的发光猝灭因子,还可以改变有机小分子的分子构象及排列方式,进而显著影响其光物理性质.除荧光发光外,大环主体分子对室温磷光,热激活延迟荧光以及圆偏振发光也具有一定的增强及调控作用.此外,刺激响应小分子的刺激响应行为如光致变色,力致变色等也可以通过主客体作用进行调控.本文从大环主体对有机小分子发光性能的调控机制的角度分析,综述了近年来基于主客体作用的发光材料,讨论了主客体作用对有机小分子刺激响应行为的影响,并对该领域的研究现状以及今后的主要发展方向进行了总结和展望.

With the development of supramolecular chemistry,supramolecular luminescent materials based on macrocyclic host-guest chemistry have made great progress and a series of outstanding achievements.Macrocyclic host molecules such as cyclodextrin,calixarene,cucurbituril,and pillararene not only provide confined cavities to isolate the luminescence quenching factors in the external environment,but also change the molecular conformation and arrangement of small organic molecules,thereby significantly affecting their photophysical properties.Macrocyclic host molecules have a certain enhancement and regulation effect on the luminescence of organic small molecule,including fluorescence,room temperature phosphorescence,thermally activated delayed fluorescence,and circularly polarized luminescence.In addition,the stimuli-responsive behavior of organic small molecules,such as photochromism and mechanochromism,can also be regulated by host-guest complexation.This review analyzes the influence mechanism of macrocyclic hosts on the luminescent properties of organic small molecules,illustrates recent luminescent materials based on host-guest interactions,discusses the impact of host-guest interactions on the stimuli-responsive behavior of organic small molecules,and summarizes and prospects the current research status and future development directions in this field.