马克思对鲍威尔自我意识哲学的超越——对布鲁诺·鲍威尔哲学悖论的再反思

Karl Marx's Transcendence of Bruno Bauer's Philosophy on Self-consciousness:Rethinking the Philosophical Paradox of Bruno Bauer

马克思对青年黑格尔派的批判和超越并非突然和断裂式完成的。布鲁诺·鲍威尔也同样感知到德国哲学在近代现实历史面前的困境,他主张充分发扬个体自我意识的能动性,拒绝接受先验设定的外在客观理性对自我意识的统摄性影响。遗憾的是,鲍威尔的理论由于悬置了“普遍的自我意识”而陷入自相矛盾。而马克思紧随其后,接续了鲍威尔的问题意识,通过改变主体确证自身的方式超越了自我意识哲学的唯主体论。马克思对主体意识的地位进行了降格,并由此开启唯物史观的序章。

Karl Marx's criticism and transcendence of the Young Hegelians were certainly not suddenly happened.In fact,Bruno Bauer had realized the dilemma of German philosophy in face of the reality,he chose to advocate the full development of initiative of self-consciousness and reject the unifying influence of transcendental rationality on self-consciousness.Nevertheless,Bauer suspended so called“Universal Selfconsciousness”and fell into paradox.Marx followed Bauer's pace and broke through this paradox by changing the way of confirming subjectivity and downgrading the status of subjectivity,through which Marx opened the prelude to the view of historical materialism.