电磁轨道发射装置绝缘支撑体研究现状及展望

Research status and prospect of insulation supports in electromagnetic rail launcher

综合国内外文献和试验数据,讨论了绝缘体的工作过程及性能要求,分析了等离子体电枢和C形铝电枢两种类型发射装置不同绝缘材料的损伤形式和失效机理.结果表明:等离子体电枢伴随的高温烧蚀和冲击是造成材料损伤的主要原因,无机玻璃复合材料、有机高分子聚合物、玻璃纤维增强复合材料及结构陶瓷材料耐烧蚀性能较差或易出现结构损伤;C形铝电枢带来的基体侵蚀、金属污染及冲刷损伤是故障发生的主要原因,韧度较低的结构陶瓷材料易开裂、玻璃纤维增强复合材料难以抵抗冲刷磨损.分析得出:陶瓷材料的增韧技术是解决等离子体电枢轨道炮绝缘问题的关键;复合材料的成分和制备工艺改进技术及表面喷涂技术是解决C形铝电枢轨道炮绝缘问题的有效手段.

Based on domestic and foreign literature and test data,the working process and performance requirements of the insulator were discussed,and the damage forms and failure mechanisms of different insulators in plasma armature and C-shaped aluminum armature launchers were analyzed.Results show that high temperature ablation and impact caused by plasma armature are the main causes of material damage.Inorganic glass composite materials,organic high molecular polymers,glass fiber reinforced composite materials and structural ceramic materials have poor ablation resistance or are prone to structural damage.Matrix erosion,metal contamination,and scour damage caused by C-shaped aluminum armature are the main causes of failure.Structural ceramic materials with low toughness are easy to crack,and glass fiber reinforced composite materials are difficult to resist scour wear.It is concluded that the toughening technology of ceramic materials is the key to solve the insulation problem of plasma armature railgun,and the improvement of composition and preparation technology and surface spraying technology of composite materials are effective means to solve the insulation problem of C-shaped aluminum armature railgun.