河南省登封市王城岗遗址出土古代黄牛遗存的DNA初步研究

Preliminary Study on Ancient DNA Analysis of Domesticated Cattle Remains Unearthed at Wangchenggang Site in Dengfeng City, Henan Province

本文运用古DNA技术对河南省登封市王城岗遗址出土的古代黄牛遗存进行遗传学分析。共选取7个龙山文化晚期至夏代初期的样本进行DNA提取,其中4个样本获得了线粒体DNA控制区序列,它们都属于家养普通牛(Bos taurus)。共检测出4种不同的单倍型,可以归属于2个不同的单倍型类群T3和T4,以T3为主,T4次之,未见其他单倍型类群。龙山时期中原地区不同遗址的家养普通牛的母系遗传结构具有相似性;从龙山时期到商代晚期,家养黄牛主体具有一定的母系遗传连续性,但是进入青铜时代以后其遗传结构也发生了明显的变化。

This research aims to use an ancient DNA approach to characterize genetics of ancient cattle remains of the Late Longshan period to the Early Xia Dynasty from Wangchenggang site in Dengfeng, Henan Province, China. DNA was successfully recovered from 4 out of 7 ancient cattle remains in dedicated ancient DNA labs following vigorous protocols for contamination prevention. The obtained ancient mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) D-loop data revealed 4 haplotypes belonging to 2 different haplogroups(T3 and T4),suggesting that all the ancient individuals belong to domestic taurine cattle(Bos taurus). This study points out that the Late Longshan period cattle assemblages from various sites in the Central Plains contain similar mtDNA distribution patterns. From the Late Longshan period to the Late Shang Dynasty, the main population of Bos taurus had the maternal genetic continuity in archaeological assemblages of the Central Plains, China.Meanwhile, a new haplogroup(T2) appeared during the Bronze Age there.