一份资料四种方法:质性分析的多样思路

Four Methods in One Document:Multiple Approaches to Qualitative Analysis

资料分析被认为是质性研究的一个难点,不仅需要对资料非常熟悉,还需要大量的脑力投入和想象力的发挥,对研究者的素养有很高的要求。因此,很多初学者在收集了资料以后,往往延迟分析环节,导致手头堆积大量资料,无法将研究及时深入推进。文章基于这类困境,介绍质性研究中常用的4种资料分析方法(接触摘要单、备忘录、类属法、情境法),希冀能够为初学者提供一些基本思路。为了呈现这4种方法相互补充的作用,选择同样一份访谈实录,作为这些方法共同的分析对象。并对4种方法的特点进行了对比,将使用这些方法对访谈实录进行分析的结果作了系统总结。

Data analysis is considered a challenge in qualitative research,as it requires not only familiarity with the data,but also a significant amount of intellectual input and imagination,which relies on high levels of researcher literacy.Therefore,after data collection,many beginners tend to delay the analysis process.With a large amount of data in hand,researchers are unable to advance their research in a timely and in-depth manner.In response to this dilemma,this paper introduces four commonly-used methods in qualitative analysis(contact summary,memorandum,categorization and contextualization),hoping to provide some basic ideas for beginners.In order to demonstrate the complementary effects of these four methods,this article selects the same interview transcript for the analysis.The characteristics of the four methods were compared,and the results of interview records analyzed by the four methods were systematically summarized.