高端机械装备新型电磁式自动平衡系统研究

Research on Novel Electromagnetic Automatic Balancing System for High-end Mechanical Equipment

在线自动平衡系统因可实时抑制设备运行过程中的不平衡振动,是以高端机床和航空发动机为代表的高端机械装备实现仿生人工自愈与装备自主健康的重要研究领域之一。所研发的新型电磁式自动平衡系统在继承现有执行器平衡速度快、信号无需动静传递等优点的基础上,通过永磁-电磁联合驱动以有效提高执行器工作过程中的驱动效率,仿真分析结果表明,该方法可有效提高执行器驱动效率20%以上;面向该新型平衡系统进行测控方法研究,通过仿真分析对测控电路中的反向电动势等关键参数进行定量优化;最后通过试验台模拟试验和实际机床现场试验验证该系统的有效性和可靠性。现场试验结果表明,该系统可在20 s内将机床的不平衡振动从6.8μm降低至0.7μm,并有效提高加工工件的表面质量。

Online automatic balancing system is one of the important research fields to achieve bionic artificial self-recouery and autonomous health of equipment represented by high-end machine tools and aero-engines because it can be used to suppress unbalanced vibration during the operation of equipment in real time.The developed novel electromagnetic automatic balancing system inherits the advantages of fast balancing speed of existing actuators and signal without dynamic transmission,etc.,and improves the driving efficiency of the actuator working process effectively by combined permanent magnet-electromagnetic drive,and the simulation analysis results show that the method can effectively improve the actuator driving efficiency by more than 20%;Focusing on measurement and control methods for this new balancing system,quantitative optimization of key parameters such as reverse electric potential in the measurement and control circuit are done through simulation analysis.Finally,the validity and reliability of the system are verified through simulation tests on the test bench and field tests on actual machine tools.Field experimental results show that the system can reduce the unbalanced vibration of the machine tool from 6.8μm to 0.7μm within 20 seconds,effectively improving the surface quality of the processed workpiece.