实验用低温恒温器及相关制冷技术研究进展

Research Progress of Cryostats Used in Experiments and Related Refrigeration Technology

低温恒温器通过制冷技术提供稳定的低温环境,广泛应用于磁共振系统、超导、低温光谱、大型科学装置以及实验室低温测试等领域。目前获得低温的方式主要有制冷剂和低温制冷机,受限于被动式制冷机的制冷量,现有实验用低温恒温器仍以制冷剂和主动式制冷机为主。文章介绍了常见的实验用低温恒温器结构及其发展与问题,并分析了市场上主流产品的解决方案。同时,介绍了国内低温恒温器技术的发展,包括一款自研的低温薄膜电阻测试仪,最后简要地展望了低温恒温器的发展前景。本研究为国内同行提供技术参考。

Cryostat is a device that utilizes refrigeration technology to provide and maintain a stable lowtemperature environment.It is widely used in the fields of magnetic resonance systems,superconductivity,cryogenic spectroscopy,large scientific devices,and other low temperature tests in the laboratory.The dominant technologies to obtain low temperatures are refrigerants and cryogenic cooling.However,due to the limited cooling capacity of passive cooling,experimental cryostats still predominantly rely on refrigerant and active cooling.This paper presents several common experimental cryostat structures based on cryogenic liquid and active refrigeration,discusses the development of cryostats and associated issues,and analyzes the solutions adopted by leading products in the market.Additionally,the paper also outlines the progress of domestic cryostats and their related technologies,including a self-developed cryogenic thin film resistance test instrument.Finally,the paper provides a brief outlook on the research prospects for cryostats.This study offers technical references for domestic peers/colleagues within the field.