极端温度条件飞机轮胎静态力学特性分析

Static mechanical characteristics analysis of aircraft tires under extreme temperature conditions

橡胶是飞机轮胎的主要组成材料.由于受到民机运营环境中存在的极端温度影响,会出现一定程度的硬化及软化现象,从而改变轮胎刚度,影响起落架的落震缓冲及飞机滑跑操纵等性能。本文以起落架轮胎的静态力学特性为研究对象,通过开展胎面胶、胎体胶和三角胶在不同温度下的单轴拉伸试验,研究三类橡胶材料应力-应变关系受温度的影响规律。在此基础上通过有限元仿真方法分析50×20R22规格的航空轮胎在宽温域下的径向刚度、侧向刚度、纵向刚度和扭转刚度等,并通过试验验证仿真模型的准确性。该研究为飞机轮胎的环境适应性设计提供参考。

Rubber is the main component material of aircraft tires,it will harden or soften to a certain extent due to the extreme temperature environment present in the operating environment of civil aircraft,which changes the stiffness of the tires and affects the cushioning performance of landing gear dropping process and maneuverability of taxing process.In this paper,the static mechanical properties of landing gear tires were taken as the research object,and the stress-strain relationship of three types of rubber materials.including tread rubber,carcass compound and bead filler,was studied by experimental methods.Based on this,the radial stiffness,lateral stiffness,longitudinal stffness and torsional stiffness of 50 X 20 R22 aircraft tire at wide temperature were analyzed by finite element simulation and the accuracy of the analysis method was verified through tests.This study provides a reference for the environmental adaptability design of aircraft tires.