基于规范分类视角的网络安全规范建构路径研究

An Analysis of the Way of Cyber Security Norm Construction from the Perspective of Normative Classification

网络安全是一个典型的非传统安全领域,也是一项新兴的国际政治研究议程,随着网络安全问题的不断凸显,构建网络安全规范的必要性与日俱增。当前,全球网络空间的规范建构仍处在初始阶段,网络安全议题国际化的进程表明,各方围绕网络安全规范的建构纷纷提出了各自的方案,国际社会业已出现网络安全规范逐渐生成的迹象。欧美发达国家坚持“多利益攸关方”偏好,中国、俄罗斯及东南亚国家等则更多地主张“多边主义”立场。研究不同国家的利益偏好并进行合理分类,对于构建网络安全规范具有重要意义。文章基于规范分类的视角,把网络安全规范分为技术标准规范和行为规范。通过规范分类,可以对各方的偏好作出较为清晰的界定。欧美国家侧重于以技术标准规范优势促进行为规范的建构,而中国、俄罗斯及东南亚国家等则更希望剥离二者的关系,并通过行为规范的建构来改变自身在技术标准规范中的不利地位。网络安全规范建构的破解之道在于以技术进步促进技术标准规范变革、以大国协调促进行为规范建构、在多元平台实现技术标准规范与行为规范的双重建构。从各方不同的偏好中,可以找出各方可能的妥协点,进而指明未来网络安全规范的建构方向。

As a typical non-traditional security field,cyber security is emerging in international political research.Along with the increasing prominence of cyber security,the necessity of constructing cyber security norms grows gradually.Currently,the normative construction of global cyberspace is stil in its initial stage.The process of internationalization of cybersecurity has shown that different countries have put forward different proposals and there are signs of the gradual emergence of cybersecurity norms in the international community.Developed countries prefer the proposal of multi-stakeholder while emerging countries,such as China and Russia,prefer Multilateralism.Hence,it is of great significance to build network security norms by studying the interests and preferences of different countries and classifying them reasonably.Based on the perspective of norm classification,the paper puts forward that cyber security norms can be classified into technical standard norms and behavior norms,from which the preference of all parties can be defined,that is,western powers prefer to promote the construction of behavior norms by focusing on their advantage of technical standard norms while the emerging countries and other developing countries prefer to separate the relationship between the two and change their disadvantageous status on technical standard norms by the construction of behavior norms.As such,the possible compromises can be found from their different preferences and the future construction direction of network security norms can be clear:the solution to the construction of network security norms is to promote the reform of technical standards norms with technological progress and accelerate the construction of behavioral norms by coordinating with great powers,achieving the dual construction of technical standards norms and behavior norms on multiple platforms.