试论清代满洲旗人的特权

On the Privilege of Manchu Bannermen in Qing Dynasty

在中国历史上,清朝是由满族人建立的,是中国历史上最后一个封建王朝,满洲的旗人在这个封建王朝中居于最高的统治地位。清朝统治者为了维护旗人较为优越的地位,赋予了旗人一定的特权。正是这些特权极大地维护了满洲旗人的地位,同时也巩固了清王朝的封建专制统治。但在清末时也因此产生了一系列的社会问题,激化了民族矛盾,加速了清王朝走向灭亡。本文主要分析并总结了满洲旗人的各种特权及这些特权的特点,并阐释了这些特权的存在给当时中国封建社会的发展带来的历史影响。

The Qing Dynasty,founded by Manchu people,is the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history,and Manchu bannermen occupy the highest dominant position.In order to maintain their special status,the rulers of Qing Dynasty gave Manchu banners political,economic,legal and educational privileges.These privileges greatly safeguarded the status of Manchu bannermen,and consolidated the autocratic rule of the feudal Qing Dynasty.However,the existence of these privileges resulted in a series of social problems in the late Qing Dynasty,intensified the national contradictions and accelerated the demise of Qing Dynasty.This paper mainly analyzes the various privileges of Manchu bannermen,summarizes the characteristics of these privileges,and elaborates the historical impact of the existence of these privileges on the development of Chinese feudal society at that time.