环境执法:现实成效、风险挑战及政策建议

Environmental Law Enforcement:Achievements,Challenges and Suggestions

环境执法是环境政策的“神经末梢”。严格环境执法是强化政府环境保护责任意识、压实生态红线、提高生态环境保护实践效果的重要举措。本文在系统回顾相关文献的基础上,详细论述了环境执法实践进展与成效及潜在的风险挑战。研究表明,我国环境立法不断完善、环保督查持续推进、环境执法支出不断扩大,为全面系统支撑山水林田湖草沙冰生态系统保护提供了有力支持。然而,环境执法可能会对基础性工业安全稳定运行、能源安全以及工业绿色转型提出严峻挑战,同时区际环境污染流动也对基层环境执法综合能力和协同执法提出更高要求。对此,本文提出加快完善环境治理体系,持续完善环境立法,不断优化环境规制工具组合,积极推进环境执法与绿色投资密切配合,不断强化跨区域联合环境执法能力,为促进减污降碳协同增效、“双碳”目标实现过程中稳步推进工业经济绿色安全稳定运行搭建起坚固桥梁。

Environmental law enforcement is the“nerve endings”of environmental policy.Strict environmental law enforcement is an important measure to strengthen the government s awareness of environmental protection responsibility,compact the ecological red line,and improve the achievement of environmental protection.On the basis of a systematic review of relevant literature,this paper discusses in detail the progress and effectiveness of environmental law enforcement practices,as well as potential risks and challenges.Research has shown that China s environmental legislation continues to improve,environmental supervision continues to advance,and environmental law enforcement expenditures continue to expand,providing strong support for the comprehensive and systematic protection of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes,grasslands,sand and ice ecosystems.However,environmental law enforcement may pose serious challenges to the safe and stable operation of basic industries and their green transformation.At the same time,the inter regional flow of environmental pollution also puts higher demands on the comprehensive capacity of grassroots environmental law enforcement.In response,this paper proposes to continuously improve environmental legislation,continuously optimize the combination of environmental regulation tools,actively promote the organic integration of environmental law enforcement and green investment,accelerate the improvement of environmental governance system,continuously strengthen cross regional joint environmental law enforcement capabilities,and build a solid bridge to promote the coordinated efficiency of pollution reduction and carbon reduction,and steadily promote the green,safe,and stable operation of the industrial economy in the process of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.