2010—2020年南充市湿地及其生态系统服务价值变化

Variation of Wetland and Its Ecosystem Service Value in Nanchong from 2010 to 2020

湿地生态系统服务价值是湿地生态功能的重要体现,也是进行湿地生态环境保护及可持续利用的基础。本文选取四川省南充市为研究区域,利用30 m空间分辨率土地覆盖数据对南充市2010—2020年的湿地变化进行了分析,同时利用当量因子法对2010年和2020年南充市湿地的生态系统服务价值进行了评估。结果发现:南充市的湿地主要分布在嘉陵江及其支流以及升钟湖、清水湖等国家湿地公园;2010—2020年,南充市的湿地面积净增加约5001 hm^(2),增加的湿地主要来自耕地、林地和草地,湿地生态系统服务价值从78.972亿元提升至81.724亿元。南部县、阆中市、蓬安县是南充市湿地生态系统服务价值的高值区,其生态系统服务价值约占南充市的62%。2010—2020年,南充市湿地生态系统服务价值的增幅仅为3.5%,明显小于湿地面积的增幅(21.6%),生态系统服务价值基数降低是南充市湿地生态系统服务价值增幅较小的原因。今后,南充市要着重提升湿地的生态系统服务价值,特别是要促进湿地文化服务价值的提升;同时也要加强湿地的生态保护和修复工作,挖掘嘉陵江及其沿岸湿地和农村小微湿地的生态系统服务价值。

Ecosystem service value is not only an important embodiment of wetland ecological function but also the foundation of wetland ecological environment protection and sustainable utilization.Taking Nanchong city as the research area,this paper analyzes the variation of wetlands in Nanchong from 2010 to 2020 by employing the cover data with 30 m spatial resolution.Meanwhile,the ecosystem service value of wetlands in 2010 and 2020 is evaluated by the equivalent factor method.The results are as follows:wetlands in Nanchong are mainly distributed along the Jialing River and its tributaries,Shengzhonghu National Wetland Park,and Qingshuihu National Wetland Park;the wetland areas in Nanchong had a net increase of 5001 hm^(2) from 2010 to 2020,and the increase of wetland was mainly from cultivated land,woodland and grassland;the ecosystem service value of wetlands had increased from 78.972×108 yuan to 81.724×108 yuan;Nanbu county,Langzhong city and Peng an county are the high value areas that account for 62%of the wetland ecosystem service value in Nanchong;from 2010 to 2020,the growth rate of wetland ecosystem service value in Nanchong was only 3.5%,which was significantly lower than that of wetland area(21.6%);the decrease of cardinal number of the ecosystem service value is the reason for the small growth of wetland ecosystem service value in Nanchong.Therefore,Nanchong should focus on improving the ecosystem service value of wetlands,especially the wetland cultural service value in the future.At the same time,more emphasis should be put on the protection and restoration of wetland ecological environment and the exploration of ecosystem service value of the Jialing River,the wetlands and small rural wetlands along the river.