沙尘天气对人体健康的影响及其作用机制研究进展

Research progress of the effects of dust weather on human health and its mechanism

近半个世纪以来,随着气候变化和人口增加,我国发生沙尘暴的强度和次数均明显增加,与之相伴的环境和健康问题也日趋凸显。沙尘颗粒物不仅自身具有一定毒性,而且是许多病原微生物和重金属的载体,既可以造成当地高浓度的沙尘污染,也会在远距离输送过程中影响下风向地区的大气环境,从而危害居民健康。本文对沙尘天气中各致病因素对人体健康的影响及相关作用机制进行综述,为制定更有效的防治措施提供依据。建议中国在气候变化背景下侧重北方沙尘策源地及抑尘措施示范研究,改进沙尘天气模拟实验技术,并积极采用多学科交叉方法开展沙尘暴医学与毒理学研究,防范沙尘危害。

Over the past half-century,the climate change,along with population growth,worsens the intensity and frequency of sand storms in China,and the environmental and health problems have become increasingly prominent.Sand and dust particles not only possess their own toxicity but also carry numerous pathogenic microorganisms and heavy metals.This can lead to high concentrations of local dust pollution,causing significant harm to the air environment and the health of residents in downwind areas during long-distance transportation sand and dust.Based on a comprehensive literature review on the health effects of dust storms,this paper aims to summarize the impact of various pathogenic factors presenting in dust storms on human health and the underlying mechanisms to provide a scientific foundation for the development of more effective control measures.In the future,amidst the backdrop of climate change,it is crucial to prioritize the research and analysis of dust source regions and dust control strategies in northern China.Additionally,there is a need to enhance the technology for simulating sand and dust environments in experiments,and to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the medical and toxicological aspects of sand and dust weather.