新中国高校师德政策变迁的制度逻辑——基于历史制度主义的分析

The Institutional Logic of the Policy Change of Teachers’Ethics in New China’s Universities—An Analysis Based on Historical Institutionalism

高校师德政策变迁是新旧政策的产生、变更和替代的动态演进过程。基于历史制度主义的分析范式,从结构变迁和历史变迁两个层面探寻我国高校师德政策演进的因果机制。新中国成立以来,高校师德政策变迁大体经历了改革开放前的初步建立和改革开放以来的渐进式变迁两个阶段。制度情境的变化、价值观念的影响以及行为主体的互动共同绘制了高校师德政策变迁的结构性逻辑。关键节点导致的政策方向调整、路径依赖造就的政策自我强化以及历史否决点对政策优化的挑战,共同形塑了高校师德政策变迁的历史性逻辑。总体来看,我国高校师德政策变迁呈现出国家主导下的自上而下的强制性变迁的鲜明特征。未来应当注重培育制度变迁的外部政策环境,形成多元主体合作的制度变迁合力,创造制度内部变迁的内生条件,不断促进高校师德政策的创新与发展。

The change of teachers’ethics policy in colleges and universities is a dynamic evolution process of the generation,change and replacement of old and new policies.Based on the analysis paradigm of historical institutionalism,this paper explores the causal mechanism of the evolution of teachers’ethics policy in universities from two aspects:structural change and historical change.Since the founding of New China,the policy changes of teachers’ethics in colleges and universities have generally experienced two stages:radical institutional change before the reform and opening up and gradual institutional change after the reform and opening up.The change of institutional situation,the influence of values and the interaction of the subject of behavior jointly draw the structural logic of the change of teachers’ethics policy in universities.The policy direction adjustment caused by the key node,the policy self-strengthening caused by path dependence and the challenge of the historical veto point to the policy optimization all shape the historical logic of the change of teachers’ethics policy in universities.Generally speaking,the policy change of teachers’ethics in Chinese universities presents the distinct feature of top-down compulsory change under national leadership.In the future,we should pay attention to cultivating the external policy environment of institutional change,forming the joint force of institutional change of multi-subject cooperation,creating the internal conditions of institutional change,and constantly promoting the innovation and development of teachers’ethics policy in colleges and universities.