水体重金属污染对水生生物生态毒性效应研究进展

Research Progress on Ecotoxic Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Aquatic Organisms

水体重金属污染日趋严峻,人们的生活环境受到影响,因此环境保护意识越来越受到人们的重视。目前利用水生生物监测其水环境的健康状态已经成为一种非常普遍和实用的方式。本文综述了重金属污染对不同水生生物(鱼类、藻类、介形类)的毒性效应。利用相关模型对两种组分引起的联合毒性进行研究,阐述了浓度加和模型(Concentration addition model,CA)、独立作用模型(Independent action model,IA)以及两阶段预测模型(Two-step prediction,TSP)的基本原理以及在联合毒性预测方面的应用。本文总结国内外重金属污染对水生生物生态毒性效应及其相应评价方法,可为利用水生生物评价水环境健康状况提供参考,也为未来建立更科学、可靠水质评价数学模型奠定基础。

Water heavy metal pollution is becoming more and more serious,and people’s living environment is affected,so the awareness of environmental protection has been paid more and more attention.At present,the use of aquatic organisms to monitor the health of their water environment has become a very common and practical way.This paper reviews the toxic effects of heavy metal pollution on different aquatic organisms(fish,algae,ostracoids).A correlation model was used to study the combined toxicity caused by the two components.The concentration addition model(CA),independent action model(IA)and two-step prediction model(two-step prediction)are described.The basic principle of TSP and its application in combined toxicity prediction.This paper summarizes the ecological toxicity effects of heavy metal pollution on aquatic organisms at home and abroad and the corresponding evaluation methods,which can provide a reference for the evaluation of water environmental health by aquatic organisms,and also lay a foundation for establishing a more scientific and reliable mathematical model for water quality evaluation in the future.