音乐疗愈的心理机制研究——以音乐诱发情绪为例

On the Psychological Mechanisms of Music Therapy:A Case Study on Emotion Induction Through Music

音乐疗愈是艺术疗愈的一个分支,同时又是心理治疗的一种手段。与传统心理治疗手段相比,音乐疗愈拥有普适性、易操作性、无副作用等优点;而与其他形式的艺术疗愈相比,音乐能够激发更强烈的情绪,而与静态图片以及短片相比,音乐激发的情绪与个体情绪状态具有高度一致性。此前研究已证实,音乐诱发的积极情绪可以削弱认知保持性的认知加工,并促进灵活性的认知加工;同时可以有效地缓解自我衰竭(ego depletion),从而使得个体更好地进行自我控制(self-control),并重新形成自我能效(self-efficacy),进而改善个体精神状态。从扩展—构建理论(broaden-build theory)、情绪即社会信息理论(Emotions as Social Information Theory)加以探究,音乐诱发积极情绪作为促成音乐疗愈的心理机制,不仅是可能的,也是合理的。

Music therapy is a branch of art therapy and a means of psychological treatment.Compared to traditional psychological treatment methods,music therapy has advantages such as universality,ease of operation,and no side effects.Compared to other forms of art therapy,music can evoke stronger emotions,and compared to static images and short films,the emotions evoked by music are highly consistent with individual emotional states.Previous research has confirmed that music-induced positive emotions can weaken cognitive perseveration and promote flexible cognitive processing.It can also effectively alleviate ego depletion,enabling individuals to better exercise self-control and regain self-efficacy,thereby improving their mental state.Exploring from the perspectives of the broaden-and-build theory and the emotions as social information theory,it is not only possible but also reasonable to consider music-induced positive emotions as a psychological mechanism that facilitates music therapy.