东北林蛙一体化设施养殖关键技术

Key Techniques for Integrated Facility Breeding of Rana Dybowskii

东北林蛙一体化设施养殖是人工养殖林蛙的必然趋势,该文通过总结多年养殖经验,概括出养殖过程中蛙棚的设计、蛙卵孵化、幼蛙雌雄分化、幼蛙上岸、幼蛙生长、幼蛙越冬和幼蛙出蛰管理等关键技术.蛙棚的设计要保证为林蛙的生长提供适宜的生活环境,包括温度、湿度、光照、防鸟、防鼠、防蛇、防逃逸,同时,要实现蛙卵孵化、幼蛙饲养、幼蛙越冬、幼蛙出蛰及成蛙生长一体化的管理条件;蛙卵孵化关键技术包括控温、控光照、控饲料,保证蝌蚪在生长期内快速生长,形成一定重量的健康幼蛙;幼蛙雌雄分化关键技术是控制变态期水温在10℃以下,保证雌蛙高比例分化;幼蛙上岸管理关键技术包括控湿、控光照;幼蛙生长期管理关键技术包括提供阴凉干燥的环境、充足的食物,保证幼蛙定时定量运动;幼蛙越冬管理关键技术是保证水体内有充足的氧气;幼蛙出蛰管理的关键技术是提供适宜的阴凉干燥的休息环境.

Integrated facility breeding of Rana dybowskii is an inevitable trend of artificial breeding of Rana dybowskii.The key techniques,such as the design of frog shed,the hatching of Rana dybowskii eggs,the differentiation between male and female,the disembarkation of young frogs,the growth of young frogs,the overwintering of young Rana dybowskiis and the management of their emergence were summarized.After the long-term experiment and production practice,the design of the Rana dybowskii shed should ensure the suitable living environment for the growth of the Rana dybowskiis,including temperature,humidity,light,bird-proof,rat-proof,snake-proof and escape-proof.The key techniques of egg hatching include temperature control,light control,feed control,and so on,and the key technique of the male-female differentiation is to control the water temperature below 10℃in metamorphosis period to ensure the high proportion of female differentiation.The key techniques for the management of the young Rana dybowskiis include controlling humidity and light,providing a cool and dry environment and sufficient food to ensure the young Rana dybowskiis in a certain state of motion.The key technology of overwintering management is to ensure enough oxygen in the water,and the key technology of emerging management is to provide a suitable shade and dry resting environment.