语气副词“左右”的语法化及其动因机制

The Grammaticalization of Modal Adverb“Zuoyou”and Its Motivation Mechanism

语气副词“左右”来源于上古汉语中并列方位短语“左右”。“左右”出现在动词前状语位置上,是其向副词语法化的关键句法因素。从历时层面上看,“左右”经历了加合义、概括义和任指义的演变过程,是一条语义虚化链。在“左右”虚化的过程中,[+方向][+区域]具体义素脱落,语义逐渐抽象化。语气副词“左右”形成后,并未停止其词汇化进程,而是和其连用成分开始新一轮词汇化,形成“左不过”。在“左右”语法化过程中,语义基础、句法位置、韵律因素和主观化的推动是其语法化的主要动因。重新分析以及语境吸收是其语法化的重要机制。隐喻和转喻是其语法化过程中从现实域投射到抽象域的认知机制。

The modal adverb“Zuoyou”originates from the phrase“Zuoyou”in ancient Chinese.“Zuoyou”appears in the adverbial position before the verb,which is the key syntactic factor of its adverbial grammaticalization.From the diachronic point of view,“Zuoyou”has experienced the evolution process of additive meaning,generalized meaning and arbitrary meaning,which is a semantic imaginary chain.In the process of“Zuoyou”blurring,the specific sememe of[+direction][+region]falls off,and the semantics are gradually abstracted.After the formation of modal adverb“Zuoyou”,it does not stop its lexicalization process,but starts a new round of lexicalization with its associated components,forming“Zuo Buguo”.In the process of“Zuoyou”grammaticalization,the semantic basis,syntactic position,prosody factor and the promotion of subjectivism are the main reasons for its grammaticalization.Reanalysis and context absorption are important mechanisms of grammaticalization.Metaphor and metonymy are cognitive mechanisms projected from the realm of reality to the realm of abstraction in the process of grammaticalization.