黑龙江中游嘉荫至萝北段夏季大型底栖动物群落结构分析

Community Structure Analysis of Macrobenthos in Jiayin to Luobei Section of the Mid-reaches of Heilongjiang River in Summer

为摸清黑龙江中游重要江段大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性的空间变化,于2022年6-7月(夏季)对黑龙江中游嘉荫至萝北江段及其附属支流的大型底栖动物进行采样调查,分析大型底栖动物群落的种类组成、生物量、丰度及多样性等指标,以阐明大型底栖动物群落结构的空间变化,并为水生生物多样性的调查与监测提供基础数据,为保护珍稀鱼类提供重要的饵料生物参考依据。结果表明:黑龙江中游嘉荫至萝北江段共有大型底栖动物4门42科84个种类,包括节肢动物门70种,软体动物门10种,环节动物门3种及扁形动物门1种,优势种为四节蜉(Baetis sp.)和透明高翔蜉(Epeorus pellucidus)。大型底栖动物总平均生物量为(1.06±1.72)g/m^(2),总平均丰度为(8.57±5.89)ind./m^(2)。CLUSTER聚类分析结果显示,21个断面的大型底栖动物可划分为6组,存在极显著的空间差异(Global R=0.76,P<0.01)。SIMPER分析表明,引起黑龙江中游嘉荫至萝北段夏季大型底栖动物群落结构差异显著的主要种类为中华小长臂虾(Palaemonetes sinensis)、Neophylax sp.、八目石蛭(Erpodella octoculata)、折叠萝卜螺(Radix plicatula)及异春蜓属(Anisogomphus sp.)等。

In order to find out the spatial variation in macrobenthos community structure and diversity in important river sections in the mid-reaches of the Heilongjiang River,the species composition,biomass,abundance and diversity of macrobenthic community were analyzed in large-scale benthic fauna in the Jiayin to Luobeijiang section and its affiliated tributaries in the middle reaches of Hei-longjiang River from June to July 2022(summer)so as to clarify the spatial changes in macrobenthic community structure,to provide basic data for the investigation and monitoring of aquatic biodiversity,and to provide an important food biological reference for the protection of rare fish.The results showed that there were 84 species of macrobenthic animals in four phyla,42 families,including 70 species of Arthropoda,10 species of Mollusca,three species of Annelida and one species of Platyhelminthes in the mid-reaches of the Heilongjiang River from Jiayin to Luobei,with the dominant genus Baetis sp.and dominant species Epeorus pellucidus.Meanwhile,there was total average macrobenthos biomass of(1.06±1.72)g/m^(2),and the total average abundance of(8.57±5.89)ind./m^(2).The CLUSTER analysis showed that the macrobenthos in 21 sections was divided into six groups,with very significant spatial differences(Global R=0.76,P<0.01).SIMPER analysis showed that the main species causing significant differences in the community structure of macrobenthic animals were found to be Palaemonetes sinensis,Neophylax sp.,Erpodella octoculata,Radix plicatula and Anisogom-phus sp.in the mid-reaches of the Heilongjiang River from Jiayin to Luobei.