从“人工智能”到“人文智能”——论科技与人文融合的问题与前景

From“Artificial Intelligence”to“Humanistic Intelligence”:On the Challenges and Prospects of Integration of Science and Humanities

当今世界,科学与技术已经内化为人们生活方式的一部分。“元宇宙”概念在2021年横空出世,反映出虚拟性日益成为现实世界的一个重要维度;ChatGPT在2023年现象级走红,表明自然语言与人工智能的高度融合开启了生成式人工智能的时代。技术迭代正推动人类社会快步进入“智能化”时代。然而,科技的发展是一柄双刃剑:一方面,以“网络化”“数字化”和“智能化”为标志的科技进步为人类社会的发展带来“技术红利”;另一方面,人工智能在诸多领域展现出的超凡能力又使人们陷入“后人类主义”的恐慌。科技勇猛精进,而人文却稳重保守,如何跳出思维前见与学科分野,去思考科技与人文之间交互、融合的可能性、挑战及前景成为重要议题。文章认为,科技是工具性的,人文是本质性的;科技是外生性动力,人文是内生性动力,二者同为人类精神文化的重要表征,其深度融合可为人类社会发展赋能。因此,以社会规约与人文关怀去消解科技发展可能产生的安全隐患、认知偏见、伦理危机等负面影响,赋予人工智能以“温度”,使之成为以人文精神为内核、以科技发展为动力的“人文智能”,不失为科技与人文有效融通的发展方向。

Today,science and technology have been internalized as an indispensable part of people s way of life.The concept of“metaverse”emerged in 2021,promoting virtuality to increasingly become an important dimension of the real world.ChatGPT became popular at the phenomenal level in 2023,ushering in the era of generative artificial intelligence(AI)through a highly integrated approach between natural language and AI.Technological iteration is driving human society rapidly into the“intelligence”era.However,the development of technology is a double-edged sword.On the one hand,technological advancements,featured by“networking”,“digitalization”and“AI”,have brought“technological dividends”to the development of human society;on the other hand,the extraordinary capabilities demonstrated by AI in many fields have also rendered people mired in the fear of post-humanism.Science and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds,while humanities are stable and conservative.In this context,the integration of science and humanities,known as“techno-humanities”,becomes an important issue in response to the urgent need of shaking up spiritual bindings and transcending the disciplinary division.This paper believes that science and humanities represent the different aspects of human civilization,with the former being instrumental while the latter essential,and their integration will empower human society.Thus,a focus on humanities shall be emphasized in techno-development,to reduce such negative impacts as potential safety hazards,cognitive biases,and ethical crises brought about by new technological revolutions of the age.In this sense,“humanistic intelligence”,embracing both humanistic care and techno-advancement,is an ideal way towards the effective integration of science and humanities.