智能时代的职业演进趋势:人机协作与人才培养

Occupation Evolution in the Intelligent Era:Human-Computer Cooperation and Talent Cultivation

人工智能技术对社会职业产生了诸多影响,人机智能协作将成为未来职业的演进趋势。面向智能时代的职业研究不能仅从宏观特征和统计数据层面进行探讨,而应基于“任务技术技能”匹配分析的思路,对不同任务类型下的智能技术应用和人机协作机制进行中观分类研究。依此思路研究发现,人工智能将实现对大多数感知、操作类任务的技术替代和劳动者技能重组;通过技术技能协同升级推动分析、设计类任务进入人机“类团体”协作新形态;并在交流、反思、探索、决策类任务上为人类提供赋能支持。为适应人机智能协作,教育的人才培养方向也要相应变革,重点培养高阶思维、人文素养和人机协作等关键能力,合理调整知识和技能培养的方向和内容,对功利主义与人本主义教育价值进行再审视与再选择。

Artificial intelligence(AI)technology has had many effects on social occupation,and human-computer intelligence cooperation will become the evolution trend of future occupations.Occupation research in the intelligent era cannot be focused only on macro characteristics and statistical data,but should be based on the idea of“task-technology-skill”matching analysis to conduct mesoscopic classification of intelligent technology applications and human-computer cooperation mechanisms under different task scenarios.Based on this idea,it is found that AI will realize technical substitution of most perceptual and operational tasks and the reorganization of workers skills.It will promote the analysis and design tasks to enter the new form of human-computer“group like”cooperation,by technology-skill collaborative upgrading,and provide empowering support for humans in tasks such as communication,reflection,exploration and decision-making.To adapt to human-computer intelligent cooperation,the direction of talent cultivation in education should also be changed accordingly,focusing on cultivating key abilities such as high-level thinking,humanistic literacy,and human-computer cooperation,rationally adjusting the direction and content of knowledge and skill cultivation,and re-examining and re-selecting the value of utilitarianism and humanism education.