城市生态空间受损识别与评价研究——以北京海淀北部新区、亦庄新城为例

Research on ldentification and Evaluation of Urban Damaged Ecological Space:Taking Beijing Haidian North New Area and Yizhuang New City as Examples

识别城市受损生态空间是构建城市绿色基础设施,实施城市生态修复的关键环节。现有研究集中在宏观尺度的城市生态安全格局构建及微观层面的生态修复技术,而对城区尺度受损生态空间的辨析及精准识别研究较少。以海淀北部新区和亦庄新城为研究案例,通过建设期十余年的数据系统研究组团式和集中式城市生态空间动态变化情况,建立城市受损生态空间识别评价体系并识别评价受损生态空间。结果表明不同空间结构的城市生态空间受损情况有所差异,生态廊道中河流沿岸的生态空间受损最严重;而城市受损生态斑块多集中在高级别道路交叉口区域。因此,城市生态空间优化提升的重点应与城市空间结构特点结合,保障组团间或城市外围环城绿带,同时增加内部生态斑块的生物多样性和连接度。

Identifying the damaged urban ecological space is the key link of implementing urban ecological restoration and building urban green infrastructure.The existing research focuses on the construction of urban ecological security patterns at the macro scale and the ecological restoration technology at the micro level,while the research on the discrimination and accurate identification of damaged ecological space in cities and districts is less.Taking Haidian Northern New Area and Yizhuang New City as research cases,through the data system of more than ten years'construction period to study the dynamic changes of urban ecological space in clusters and centralized cities,the identification and evaluation system of urban damaged ecological space was established and the damaged ecological space was identified.The results showed that the damage of urban ecological corridors was more serious than that of ecological patches,especially along rivers;The damaged ecological patches in the city are mostly concentrated in the high-class road intersection area and the green space of a single forest type.Therefore,the focus of urban ecological space optimization and improvement should fully reserve the ecological space around rivers and important urban traffic corridors,ensure the connectivity of urban corridors and increase the plant diversity of green space.