近十年来无人机摄影测量在风景园林规划与设计领域的应用研究

The Application of Drone Photogrammetry in Landscape and Architecture in the Past Ten Years

随着轻型旋翼无人机的商业化普及,摄影测量以高效率、灵活快捷、作业成本低等优点在三维实景重建和工程测量中得到广泛应用。借助CiteSpace文献计量工具,系统梳理了2010-2022年期间国内外摄影测量技术在风景园林规划与设计领域中的研究及应用热点,并结合近1万hm^(2)的三维实景重建与应用经验,详细阐述其基本操作原理、全流程软件的使用及应用场景。研究发现,无人机摄影测量研究的前沿热点可概括为测量技术研究与应用场景开发两个方面。无人机摄影测量生成的“4D”数字化产品主要包括数字表面模型(DSM)、数字高程模型(DEM)、数字正射影像图(DOM)与数字线划地图(DLG),其应用主要集中在5个方面,分别是高精度地理空间数据测量、三维空间数据分析及可视化、风景遗产资源保护与利用、林业及生态资源量化研究以及工程系统信息模型构建。未来,随着以人工智能为代表的一批新兴信息技术的发展,无人机摄影测量将会支持以量化研究为基础的应用拓展、支持集成化的风景园林规划设计工作流、支持虚实融合的风景园林空间体验,并进一步促进行业数字化转型发展。

With the commercialization and popularization of light rotor UAVs,photogrammetry has been widely used in the field of 3D real scene reconstruction and engineering measurement due to its high efficiency,flexibility,and low operating costs.This paper first uses CiteSpace to comb through the research and application hotspots of photogrammetry technology in landscape planning and design at home and abroad from 2010 to 2022.Then,combined with the author's nearly 10000 hm^(2)of experience in 3D real scene reconstruction,this paper elaborates on the basic operating principles of drone photogrammetry,the use of full-process software,and application scenarios.The result shows that the forefront hotspots of drone photogrammetry research can be summarized as measurement technology research and application scenario development.The"4D"digital products generated by UAV photogrammetry mainly include Digital Surface Model,Digital Elevation Model,Digital Orthophoto Map and Digital Line Grid Map,and their applications mainly focus on five aspects:high-precision geospatial data measurement,3D spatial data analysis and visualization,landscape heritage resource protection and utilization,quantitative research on forestry and ecological resources,and construction of engineering system information model.In the future,with the development of emerging information technologies such as artificial intelligence,UAV photogrammetry is expected to support application expansion based on quantitative research,facilitate integrated and efficient workflow in landscape planning and design,contribute to the integration of virtual and real experiences in landscape spatial design,and further promote the digital transformation and development of the industry.