苦参化学成分和药理作用研究进展

Research Progress on the Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis

苦参始载于《神农本草经》,临床应用历史悠久。笔者通过综述相关文献,发现苦参中主要含有生物碱、黄酮、苯丙素、二苯甲酰基衍生物、萜类、甾体、有机酸、脂肪酸和挥发油等化学成分,其中生物碱类和黄酮类含量最高,生物碱中的苦参碱和氧化苦参碱是发挥苦参药效的主要物质基础。具有抗癌、抗肝损伤、抗纤维化、抗炎、抗病毒、抗菌、调节免疫和减少放射性损伤等作用,且主要作用在MAPK/ERK、JAK2/STAT3、PI3K/Akt、p38MAPK/Akt、FXR/CYP7A1/FGF19、Keap1/ARE、Notch、ROS/TLR4、PERK/ATF4/CHOP、TGF-β1/Smads和NF-κB/TNF-α等信号通路。

Radix Sophorae Flavescentis was first recorded in the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica and has a long history of clinical application.The authors found through reviewing relevant literature that Radix Sophorae Flavescentis mainly contains alkaloids,flavonoids,phenylpropyl,dibenzoyl derivatives,terpenes,steroids,organic acids,fatty acids,volatile oils and other chemical components,among which alkaloids and flavonoids are the highest content.The matrine and oxymatrine in alkaloids are the main material basis for exerting the pharmacological effects of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis.They have the action of anti-cancer,anti-liver damage,anti-fibrosis,anti-inflammation,anti-virus,anti-bacteria,regulating immunity and reducing radiation damage.They act on MAPK/ERK,JAK2/STAT3,PI3K/Akt,p38MAPK/Akt,FXR/CYP7A1/FGF19,Keap1/ARE,Notch,ROS/TLR4,PERK/ATF4/CHOP,TGF-β1/Smads,and NF-κB/TNF-αand other signaling pathways.