陕西省乡村聚落内部绿色空间的景观特征及区域差异

Landscape characteristics and regional differences of the green space within the rural settlements in Shaanxi Province of China

乡村聚落内部的绿色空间(rural settlements green space,RSGS)是与乡村居民生活最为息息相关的生态空间,厘清RSGS的景观特征及区域差异成为建设生态宜居乡村和促进乡村人地关系和谐发展的关键所在。因此,该研究选择乡村聚落形态区域差异显著的陕西省为典型案例,基于谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine,GEE),结合农村居民点数据,对陕西省RSGS进行了识别和提取,进而运用景观指数、空间自相关等方法定量分析了RSGS的景观特征及区域差异。研究结果表明:1)陕西省RSGS识别的总体精度为79.0%,在陕北高原的精度最高,秦巴山区次之。2)全省RSGS占村落总面积的43.0%,趋于空间正相关,关中平原的RSGS占比最低,秦巴山区最高。RSGS占比在海拔、坡度、降水和城乡联系距离的梯度上逐渐升高,而在气温梯度上逐渐降低,其中在坡度梯度上的分异特征最为明显。3)RSGS破碎度平均约为106.60个/km^(2),一定程度上反映了RSGS受人类干扰的程度,在人口密集的关中平原的RSGS破碎度最高,秦巴山区次之。RSGS破碎度在不同梯度上的分异特征与RSGS占比相反。4)全省RSGS连通度普遍较低,平均约为12.9%。在降水和城乡联系距离的梯度上RSGS连通度呈现总体升高的趋势,而在气温梯度上逐渐降低。未来的RSGS规划应增加公共绿地、保持私人绿地、利用自然绿地,靠近城市建成区的乡村聚落应更加注重RSGS的规划和管理。该研究结果可为乡村生态规划和美丽乡村建设提供支持。

The green spaces within rural settlements,referred to as Rural Settlement Green Space(RSGS),are ecologically significant areas closely related to the lives of rural residents.Clarifying the landscape characteristics and regional differences of RSGS is crucial for constructing ecologically livable rural areas and promoting harmonious development in the relationship between people and the rural environment.In order to promote the sustainable utilization of land resources within rural settlements and enhance the quality of life for rural residents,this study selected Shaanxi Province,which exhibits significant regional differences in the morphological characteristics of rural settlements,as a typical case.Using the Google Earth Engine(GEE)and rural settlement point data,RSGS in Shaanxi Province were identified and extracted.Subsequently,landscape indices,spatial autocorrelation,and other quantitative methods were employed to analyze the landscape characteristics and regional differences of RSGS,with the aim of providing insights into the development of ecologically livable rural areas.The research findings revealed the following:1)The overall accuracy of RSGS identification in Shaanxi Province was 79.0%,with the highest accuracy in the northern plateau of Shaanxi and the second highest in the Qinling-Bashan mountainous region.2)RSGS accounted for 43.0%of the total village area in the entire province,exhibiting spatial positive correlation.The RSGS proportion was lowest in the Guanzhong Plain and highest in the Qinling-Bashan mountainous region.The RSGS proportion gradually increased with gradients in elevation,slope,precipitation,and urban-rural connectivity distance,while it decreased with temperature gradients,with the most distinct differences observed in slope gradients.3)The average RSGS fragmentation density in the province was approximately 106.6 patches per square kilometer,which to some extent reflected the level of human interference in RSGS.The highest RSGS fragmentation density was observed in the densely populated Guanzhong Plain,followed by the Qinling-Bashan mountainous region.The differentiation patterns of RSGS fragmentation density were opposite to those of RSGS proportion.4)The connectivity of RSGS in the entire province was generally low,averaging about 12.9%.On gradients of precipitation and urban-rural connectivity distance,RSGS connectivity exhibited an overall increasing trend,while it gradually decreased with temperature gradients.Research Conclusion:Based on the current findings,it is evident that RSGS in Shaanxi Province is closely associated with its natural environment,and the connectivity of RSGS across the province is generally low,with most RSGS being privately owned.Rural settlements located near urban built-up areas should pay more attention to the planning and management of RSGS.Future RSGS planning should emphasize the incorporation of public green spaces,preservation of private green spaces,and the utilization of natural green areas.The results of this study can provide valuable support for rural ecological planning and the development of beautiful rural areas.