基于百度地图的4城市社区周边餐馆环境研究

Research on Neighborhood Restaurant Environment in Four Cities Based on Baidu Map

目的:基于百度地图应用程序接口(Application Programming Interface,API)探索不同城市化地区的餐馆环境,分析不同城市化背景下食物环境的差异。方法:数据来源于“城市化对食物环境及居民餐饮食物消费行为的影响研究”项目,利用百度API平台,在4个不同城市化水平的城市中心城区,以选定的社区居委会为地理中心,以距离范围为半径,使用交通地理信息大数据,检索获取距社区中心2.5 km范围内的所有兴趣点(Point of Interest,POI)—餐馆的地理信息,建立餐馆信息库,通过筛选餐馆名称和位置将2456家餐馆纳入研究。根据不同经营类别对餐馆进行分类,采用双因素方差分析检验不同社区周边餐馆分布是否存在差异。结果:城市化水平对餐馆距社区中心的距离有显著影响,中等城市化地区社区周边餐馆距社区中心的平均距离最近(P<0.05);城市化水平和餐馆类型的交互作用对餐馆距社区中心的平均距离也有影响(P<0.01)。不同城市化地区15分钟生活圈的餐馆类型构成分布存在差异(P<0.05):高城市化地区以中式快餐店为主,占比42%,甜品店所占比例也较中、低城市化水平地区高;低城市化地区以中餐厅为主,比例为45.7%;总体来看,15 min生活圈内中式快餐店的比例远多于其他类型餐馆。结论:不同城市化地区社区周边餐馆环境分布存在差异,应进一步探索社区周边餐馆环境的健康效应,为制定相应营养政策提供依据。

【Objective】To explore the restaurant environment in different urbanized areas and analyze the differences based on Ap⁃plication Programming Interface(API).【Method】The data were from the project"Research on the impact of urbanization on Food environ⁃ment and residents'catering food consumption Behavior".Baidu API platform was used to retrieve the geographical information of all the Points of Interest(POI)-restaurants within 2.5 km from the community center in the central urban area of 4 cities with different urbanization levels,with the selected community committees as the geographical center and the distance range as the radius.A restaurant information database was established,2456 restaurants were included in the study by screening the name and location of restaurants,and restaurants were classified according to different business categories.Two-factor analysis of variance was used to test whether there were differences in the distribution of restaurants around different communites.【Result】The urbanization level had a significant effect on the distance between restaurants and community centers,and the average distance between restaurants and community centers in medium urbanization areas was the closest(P<0.05).The interaction of urbanization level and restaurant type also affected the average distance between restaurants and community centers(P<0.01).There were differences in the composition and distribution of 15-minute living circle restaurants in different urbanized areas(P<0.05).In highly urbanized areas,Chinese fast food restaurants were dominant,accounting for 42.0%.The propor⁃tion of dessert shops is higher than that of other urbanized areas.In low urbanized,Chinese restaurants were the main type,accounting for 45.7%.The number of Chinese fast food restaurants in the 15 min living circle is far more than that of other types of restaurants,and Western fast food restaurants have no obvious difference between different urbanized areas.【Conclusion】There are differences in the distribution of surrounding restaurant environment in different urbanization areas.It is necessary to further explore the health effects of sur⁃rounding restaurant environment in communities,so as to provide evidence for formulating nutrition policies.