企业员工契约理论的构建——后熊彼特时代现代契约理论的新探索

The Construction of Enterprise Employee Contract Theory:A New Exploration of Modern Contract Theory in the Era of Post‐Schumpeterian

后熊彼特时代企业的组织形态发生深刻变革,企业员工成为企业创新主体并成为企业价值创造的核心资源。本文基于对企业交易属性的现代契约理论之局限和企业理论主体演变之趋势的综述分析,结合后熊彼特时代特征,聚焦企业员工的生产属性,探索企业员工契约理论。企业员工契约理论主张企业竞争优势的核心是知识生产能力,企业的目标由交易成本最小化转为价值最大化,且价值最大化目标实现的核心是企业员工创造力的充分发挥。基于对企业员工契约理论内涵的阐述,进一步分析该理论的深化应用需要“政府—企业—社会”三个层面的协同推进。

Modern contract theory is the key theory guiding the practice of modern enterprises in the past hundred years.The rising technological revolution drives enterprise change continuously,while the limitations of the analytical paradigm of modern contract theory have reached a consensus in the academic community,and scholars have called for the construction of an enterprise contract theory that adapts to new organizational forms.Against this background,it is urgent to construct a modern contract theory that fits the characteristics of the post⁃Schumpeterian innovation era based on the characteristics of the evolution of enterprise entities,so as to guide the practice of enterprises in the new era.This paper expounds the key limitations of ignoring human ethics in modern contract theory,then analyzes the reasons for the evolution of enterprise theory to entrepreneur theory from the perspective of the subject,as well as analyzing the limitations of entrepreneur contract theory which was put forward based on the development of entrepreneur theory,and finally constructs the enterprise employee contract theory by explaining the legitimacy of enterprise employee contract and the connotation of enterprise employee contract theory.The key idea of enterprise employee contract theory is that the core of enterprise competitive advantage in the post⁃Schumpeterian innovation era is knowledge production capacity,and the goal of enterprises shift from transaction cost minimization to value maximization,and the realization of value maximization is to give full play to the creativity of enterprise employees.In the enterprise employee contract theory,enterprise employees change from labor elements to innovation subjects,and entrepreneurs who originally undertook innovation functions shift to innovation service roles,which is indispensable for value creation.Based on the core viewpoint of enterprise employee contract theory,this paper analyzes the existence of enterprises,the internal governance of enterprises and the boundaries of enterprises.The main contributions of this paper are follows.Firstly,this paper combines the evolution of enterprise theory with the evolution of innovation theory,and puts forward the evolution direction of modern contract theory based on the characteristics of the post⁃Schumpeterian innovation era.Secondly,this paper constructs a“people⁃oriented”modern contract theory,and realizes the evolution of enterprise theory from the assumption of“actor”to the assumption of“ethical person”.Thirdly,this paper analyzes the practice of enterprise employee contract theory from three aspects:the government to build an innovative commons,enterprises to build relative platform and mechanism guarantee,and society to form cultural atmosphere and support mechanism,so as to provide enlightenment for the practice of enterprise employee contract theory.