政策工具视角下“十四五”学前教育发展提升行动计划研究——基于对15份省级政策的文本分析

Research on the Action Plan for Promoting the Development of PreschoolEducation in the “Fourteenth Five Year Plan”from the Perspective of Policy Tools:Based on the Textual Analysis of 15 Provincial Policies

“十四五”时期正处于建设高质量学前教育体系的奠基时期,《行动计划》为建设高质量学前教育体系提供政策支持保障。以政策工具为研究视角,基于政策工具和内容要素二维分析框架,通过编码、统计,对我国15份与“十四五”学前教育发展计划相关的省级政策文本进行分析。研究发现:各省份出台的行动计划中,政策工具类型使用失衡、与政策内容要素组合程度较低、政策文本内容的同质性大于差异性。为促进学前教育高质量发展,建议未来地方政府应均衡使用各类政策工具,彰显政策制定的系统性;提升政策工具与内容的适配度,提高政策制定的适切性;倡导各省份进行探索创新,增强政策制定的适用性。

The“Fourteenth Five Year Plan”period is in the foundation period of building a high-quality preschool education system for which The Action Plan provides policy support.From the perspective of policy tools,15 provincial policy texts related to the“Fourteenth Five Year Plan”preschool education development plan in China are analyzed by the means of coding and statistics based on the two-dimensional analysis framework of policy tools and content elements.The study found that the use of policy tool types was unbalanced in The Action Plan issued by provinces,the combination of policy tool types and policy content elements was low,and the homogeneity of policy text content was greater than the difference.In order to promote the high-quality development of preschool education,it is recommended that future local governments should balance the usage of various policy tools to demonstrate the systematic nature of policy development;enhance the adaptability of policy tools and content to emphasize the relevance of policy development;and advocate for provinces to explore and innovate to emphasize the applicability of policy development.