基于电驱动的智能播补一体化马铃薯播种机设计研究

Design and Research of Intelligent Potato Planter Based on Electric Drive

马铃薯是我国重要的粮食和经济作物,在西南丘陵山区受限于地势条件,现有马铃薯播种机在作业时均不同程度的存在株距误差大、漏播及重播率高、土壤条件适应性差的问题。为此,设计了以AT89S51单片机为运算核心的播补薯一体机,主要由漏播监测、播补薯、株距控制模块组成。其中,漏播监测模块主要由红外线发生和接收装置组成,播补薯模块主要由步进电机驱动的取种勺根据系统命令执行指定作业,株距控制模块则通过设定的株距指令控制电机的转速及修正;同时,以步进电机作为动力取代了传统的地轮驱动以减小株距误差,步进电机驱动的单链取种勺集成播补薯功能于一体。试验表明:机具作业行走速度在0.6~1m/s时,补薯成功率为73%~81%,总播种成功率为97%~98%,播种株距误差为2.52%~4.83%,整体播种性能完全满足马铃薯播种农艺要求。

Potato is an important food and cash crop in China.In the hilly and mountainous areas of Southwest China,due to the terrain conditions,the existing potato planters have the problems of large plant spacing error,high missed sowing and replay rate and poor adaptability to soil conditions.This paper studies the one-piece machine for sowing and supplementing potato with AT89S51 single chip microcomputer as the computing core.The machine integrates the missing sowing monitoring,sowing and supplementing potato and plant spacing control module.The missing sowing monitoring module is mainly composed of infrared generation and receiving device;The seed scoop driven by the stepping motor mainly performs the specified operation according to the system command;The plant distance control module controls the speed and correction of the motor through the set plant distance command;At the same time,the stepping motor is used as the power to replace the traditional ground wheel drive to reduce the plant spacing error.The single chain seed taking spoon driven by the stepping motor integrates the function of sowing and supplementing potato.The test shows that when the walking speed of the machine is 0.6-1m/s,the success rate of potato supplement is 73%-81%,the total success rate of sowing is 97%-98%,and the error of sowing plant spacing is 2.52%-4.83%.The overall sowing performance fully meets the agronomic requirements of potato sowing.