先秦兵学思想史中将领的“性格特征论”研究

Study on the"Personality Characteristic Theory"of Generals in the Pre-Qin History of Military Science Thoughts

在先秦兵学思想中,以“五德五危论”“五材十过论”“十二陵论”等为精要的将领“性格特征论”,从矛盾对立的“盈”“缺”两面把握将领的性格问题,提出具有“因形用权”意味的制敌策略,并察觉“盈则必亏”的问题。后世兵典则丰富了将领群体的类型,有助于次第建构勇武求胜之将、攻城略地之将、庙算决胜之将等各具核心性格特征的将领。关于鸿门宴的精彩演绎,以“实战”的方式检视了将领性格特征与其道路取向的关系问题,意味着在庞大战略构想之后的具体实践中,博弈双方的性格较量至关重要。关于性格特征的言说与应用,展现出先秦兵家超越战略、直指“人心”的理论深度,对现代心理战研究亦不乏启示意义。

In the pre-Qin history of military science thoughts,the military generals"personality characteristic theory",with"theory offive virtues and five dangers""theory offive abilities and ten faults"and"theory of twelve inner qualities""as the essence,from contradictory aspects of"incessance"and"wane",grasped the personality of the generals,and proposed the strategy of using power in accordance with situation,and noticed that the theory of"When the fullest extent is reached,waxing is necessarily followed by waning".Later generations of military works have enriched the type of general groups,which help to build the generals of the core character of the first core character,such as the generals with brave and martial arts,the generals with the ability to take cities and seize territories,and the generals with the ability to make temple calculations.Regarding the wonderful interpretation of Hongmen Banquet,the relationship between the personality characteristics of the generals and its road orientation in"actual combat"manner means that in the specific practice after the huge strategic concept,the personality of the two parties is very important.The words and applications of personality characteristics show the theoretical depth of the pre-Qin miltary strategists beyond strategy and pointing directly at the"human heart"Itis also enlightened for the study of modern psychological warfare.